Experimental Inoculation of Coral Recruits With Marine Bacteria Indicates Scope for Microbiome Manipulation in Acropora tenuis and Platygyra daedalea
Experimental Inoculation of Coral Recruits With Marine Bacteria Indicates Scope for Microbiome Manipulation in Acropora tenuis and Platygyra daedalea
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DOI：
10.3389/fmicb.2019.01702
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发表时间：
2019-07-24
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Blackall, Linda L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Damjanovic, Katarina;van Oppen, Madeleine J. H.;Blackall, Linda L.
与珊瑚有关的微生物参与营养循环，保护珊瑚宿主免受病原体的侵害，对维持珊瑚全生物的健康至关重要。在压力条件下，珊瑚原核微生物组的破坏与对疾病和死亡率的易感性增加有关。用有益微生物接种珊瑚可以增强宿主的应激耐受性，并可能是帮助珊瑚在具有挑战性的环境条件下茁壮成长的有力工具。在这里，我们探索了珊瑚早期生命阶段微生物组操作的可行性，通过反复使用实验室中产生的细菌混合物来培养珊瑚新兵。共培养两个物种Acropora tenuis和Platygyra daedalea使我们能够同时研究宿主因素对珊瑚微生物组的影响。从新鲜生长的纯细菌培养物定期制备接种混合物，因此假定其是活的，并通过悬浮液中每个单独菌株的光密度测量进行表征。珊瑚早期新兵接种7次，超过3周，采样一次36小时后，最后一次接种事件。在这个时间点上，累积接种与细菌鸡尾酒有很强的影响细菌群落组成的新兵的两个珊瑚物种。虽然没有评估细菌细胞在珊瑚宿主中的位置，但使用16S rRNA基因的元条形码显示，通过鸡尾酒施用的7种细菌菌株中有2种和6种在接种的A. tenuis和P. daedalea的，分别与对照新兵。尽管在相同的环境中长大，A。tenuis和P.daedalea建立了显著不同的细菌群落，无论是在分类组成和多样性测量。这些发现表明，珊瑚宿主因素以及环境细菌池在塑造珊瑚相关细菌群落组成中发挥了作用。宿主因素可能包括微生物传播模式（水平与母体）和宿主特异性。虽然作为宿主相关微生物组成员的细菌接种物中包含的分类群的长期稳定性仍有待评估，但我们的研究结果为珊瑚微生物组操作的可行性提供了支持，至少在实验室环境中。
Coral-associated microorganisms are essential for maintaining the health of the coral holobiont by participating in nutrient cycling and protecting the coral host from pathogens. Under stressful conditions, disruption of the coral prokaryotic microbiome is linked to increased susceptibility to diseases and mortality. Inoculation of corals with beneficial microbes could confer enhanced stress tolerance to the host and may be a powerful tool to help corals thrive under challenging environmental conditions. Here, we explored the feasibility of coral early life stage microbiome manipulation by repeatedly inoculating coral recruits with a bacterial cocktail generated in the laboratory. Co-culturing the two species Acropora tenuis and Platygyra daedalea allowed us to simultaneously investigate the effect of host factors on the coral microbiome. Inoculation cocktails were regularly prepared from freshly grown pure bacterial cultures, which were hence assumed viable, and characterized via the optical density measurement of each individual strain put in suspension. Coral early recruits were inoculated seven times over 3 weeks and sampled once 36 h following the last inoculation event. At this time point, the cumulative inoculations with the bacterial cocktails had a strong effect on the bacterial community composition in recruits of both coral species. While the location of bacterial cells within the coral hosts was not assessed, metabarcoding using the 16S rRNA gene revealed that two and six of the seven bacterial strains administered through the cocktails were significantly enriched in inoculated recruits of A. tenuis and P. daedalea, respectively, compared to control recruits. Despite being reared in the same environment, A. tenuis and P. daedalea established significantly different bacterial communities, both in terms of taxonomic composition and diversity measurements. These findings indicate that coral host factors as well as the environmental bacterial pool play a role in shaping coral-associated bacterial community composition. Host factors may include microbe transmission mode (horizontal versus maternal) and host specificity. While the long-term stability of taxa included in the bacterial inocula as members of the host-associated microbiome remains to be evaluated, our results provide support for the feasibility of coral microbiome manipulation, at least in a laboratory setting.