Potential benefits of promoting snowmelt by artificial snow blacking on the growth of winter wheat and their dependence upon regional climate
Potential benefits of promoting snowmelt by artificial snow blacking on the growth of winter wheat and their dependence upon regional climate
复制标题
人工雪黑促进融雪对冬小麦生长的潜在效益及其对区域气候的依赖
DOI：
10.1007/s00484-020-02024-6
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Hamasaki Takahiro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shimoda Seiji;Hamasaki Takahiro
积雪消失后较早开始重新生长可以使小麦品种避开较热的灌浆期，而无需在雪区提前播种。变黑的雪面很容易通过吸收太阳辐射来加速融雪。在这项研究中，我们比较了日本 2 个地点（新加坡札幌和MM 目室）4 年中与融雪加速相关的产量组成部分，这两个地点呈现出截然不同的秋季和春季气候。雪黑化导致的早期融雪加速了 MM 中小麦的生长，抽穗期最多延长 4 天，开花期最多延长 3 天。此外，加速小麦物候生长提高了2016年MM的粮食产量。这是因为小麦植株不太可能经历6月中旬花期通常出现的局部凉爽多雨天气。提前开花会降低小麦植株在灌浆期因暴露于阴雨天气而经历较低光照强度的可能性。然而，SP 温暖的秋季条件可能阻碍了越冬小麦高水平抗寒性的发展。加速融雪是缓解区域小麦产量波动的一种可能手段；然而，雪黑化的效果取决于地区气候。
An earlier onset of regrowth after snow disappearance can enable wheat cultivars to avoid the hotter grain-filling period, without the need for early sowing in snowy regions. A blackened snow surface easily accelerates snow melting by absorbing solar radiation. In this study, we compare the yield components associated with snowmelt acceleration over 4 years and in 2 locations (Sapporo, SP, and Memuro, MM) in Japan, which exhibit contrasting autumn and spring climates. Early snow melting by snow-blackening accelerated wheat growth in MM by a maximum of 4 days for heading and 3 days for anthesis. Moreover, accelerating wheat phenological growth improved the grain yield in MM in 2016. This is because wheat plants were less likely to experience the localised cool and rainy weather that typically occurs during anthesis in mid-June. Early anthesis would decrease the likelihood that wheat plants experiencing lower sunlight intensity during the grain-filling period owing to exposure to rainy weather. However, warmer autumn conditions in SP likely hindered the development of high-level cold resistance in overwintering wheat. Accelerating snowmelt is one possible tool for mitigating the fluctuations in regional wheat production; however, the effectiveness of snow-blackening depends on the regional climate.