The Cognitive Humanities
The Cognitive Humanities
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认知人文学科
DOI：
10.1057/978-1-137-59329-0_11
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Shaughnessy N
中科院分区：
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作者：
Shaughnessy N
传统的说法认为自闭症患者由于社交、沟通和想象方面的困难而被锁在自己的世界里。从历史上看，自闭症丰富的内在生活和创造力的能力已经被许多与想象力缺陷相关的人所忽视。自闭症和创造力之间的矛盾联系是这种情况引起如此迷恋的原因之一，但仍然是一个谜。本章借鉴实践研究，通过戏剧和表演的多感官多模式来探索对自闭症想象力和感知的新见解，据推测，这为与自闭症存在状态的“相遇”提供了空间。我们借鉴我们的AHRC基于实践的项目“想象自闭症”，通过一系列沉浸式，多感官装置，木偶和互动数字媒体探索自闭症的现象学，以促进与7-11岁儿童的沟通和社交互动。这些方法正在发展对自闭症想象力的丰富性和独创性的新理解，以及它如何与神经正常人不同。如何通过性能词汇来访问非典型体验？自闭症是否会导致天才？如果是，为什么？自闭症创造力和神经型创造力的本质是什么？我们重新定义自闭症的想象力，挑战理性与直觉，审美与非审美之间的二元论，最重要的是，想象性创造力与再创造性想象力。我们借鉴了认知神经科学，特别是菲利普巴纳德的概念化的心理建筑相互作用的视觉，听觉和身体的子系统。两个辅导员和儿童之间的互动在沉浸式和感官表现环境的“想象自闭症”进行了分析，通过自闭症的想象力在工作中的认知发展的证据。这些例子表明，身体和环境的身体互动是认知和创造性想象的一部分，就像大脑及其功能一样。
Traditional accounts conceive of the autistic individual as being locked in his/her own world due to difficulties in social interaction, communication and imagination. Historically, the capacity for rich inner life and creativity in autism has been dismissed by many with imagination associated with deficit. The paradoxical association between autism and creativity is one of the reasons the condition causes such fascination and yet remains an enigma. This chapter draws upon practical research to explore new insights into the imagination and perception in autism through the multisensory multimodalities of drama and performance, which, it is speculated, offer a space for ‘encounters’ with autistic states of being. We draw upon our AHRC practice-based project ‘Imagining Autism’, which explores the phenomenology of autism through a series of immersive, multisensory installations, puppetry and interactive digital media, to facilitate communication and social interaction with 7–11-year-olds across the spectrum. These methods are developing new understanding of the richness and originality of the imagination in autism and how it may be differently inflected from neurotypicals. How can atypical experience be accessed through performance vocabularies? Does autism predispose to talents and if so, why? What is the nature of autistic creativity alongside neurotypical creativity? We reconceptualise the imagination in autism, challenging dualisms between the rational and the intuitive, the aesthetic and non-aesthetic and most crucially, imaginative creativity versus the recreative imagination. We draw upon cognitive neuroscience with particular reference to Philip Barnard’s conceptualisation of mental architecture as interacting visual, auditory and bodily subsystems. Two interactions between facilitators and children in the immersive and sensory performance environments of ‘Imagining Autism’ are analysed to evidence cognitive development via the autistic imagination at work. These examples suggest that the somatic interaction of body and the environment are as much part of cognition and the creative imagination as the brain and its functioning.