Human stem cells and articular cartilage regeneration.
Human stem cells and articular cartilage regeneration.
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DOI：
10.3390/cells1040994
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发表时间：
2012-11-05
期刊：
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Reddi AH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Inui A;Iwakura T;Reddi AH
由于创伤和创伤后骨关节炎造成的关节软骨损伤的再生是一个尚未满足的医疗需求。目前关节软骨再生和组织工程的方法包括使用软骨细胞、干细胞、支架和信号，包括形态因子和生长因子。干细胞作为关节软骨再生的细胞来源，是关节软骨再生的关键因素。这是因为关节软骨组织的细胞周转率低，不能自发愈合。成体干细胞已从骨髓、脂肪、滑膜组织、肌肉和骨膜等多种组织中分离出来。转化生长因子β超家族的信号在软骨形成中起关键作用。然而，来自不同组织的成体干细胞在成软骨潜能上往往是不同的。与成体干细胞相比，多能干细胞具有无限的增殖能力。胚胎干细胞（ES）的软骨形成已经研究了十多年。然而，胚胎干细胞的建立需要胚胎，并且会导致临床应用的伦理问题。诱导多能干细胞是通过转录因子对成体细胞进行细胞重编程而产生的。虽然iPS细胞具有成软骨潜能，但目前对其优化、生成和分化为关节软骨细胞的研究还很深入。
The regeneration of articular cartilage damaged due to trauma and posttraumatic osteoarthritis is an unmet medical need. Current approaches to regeneration and tissue engineering of articular cartilage include the use of chondrocytes, stem cells, scaffolds and signals, including morphogens and growth factors. Stem cells, as a source of cells for articular cartilage regeneration, are a critical factor for articular cartilage regeneration. This is because articular cartilage tissue has a low cell turnover and does not heal spontaneously. Adult stem cells have been isolated from various tissues, such as bone marrow, adipose, synovial tissue, muscle and periosteum. Signals of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily play critical roles in chondrogenesis. However, adult stem cells derived from various tissues tend to differ in their chondrogenic potential. Pluripotent stem cells have unlimited proliferative capacity compared to adult stem cells. Chondrogenesis from embryonic stem (ES) cells has been studied for more than a decade. However, establishment of ES cells requires embryos and leads to ethical issues for clinical applications. Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are generated by cellular reprogramming of adult cells by transcription factors. Although iPS cells have chondrogenic potential, optimization, generation and differentiation toward articular chondrocytes are currently under intense investigation.