Scavenging amphipods from the Wallaby-Zenith Fracture Zone: Extending the hadal paradigm beyond subduction trenches

Scavenging amphipods from the Wallaby-Zenith Fracture Zone: Extending the hadal paradigm beyond subduction trenches
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来自袋鼠-天顶断裂带的食腐片脚类动物:将超深渊范式扩展到俯冲海沟之外

DOI:
10.1007/s00227-020-03798-4
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
影响因子:
2.4
通讯作者:
Weston J
Weston J
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Weston J

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我们对超深渊带(深度> 6000米)生态学的理解仅基于俯冲沟,而对其他地貌特征,如断裂带、槽和盆地,则研究不足。为了填补这一知识空白,使用自由落体诱饵着陆器对印度洋Wallaby-Zenith断裂带(WZFZ; ~ 22°S,102°E;在远征SO 258期间测量的最大深度为6625米)进行了研究。我们评估了片足类的分布和社区组合的非俯冲超深渊功能,并比较它的俯冲超深渊功能。11个物种被确定在深海底过渡带使用成对的形态和DNA条形码的方法。群落组成从深海到超深海逐渐变化,这与俯冲海沟的生态交错带转移特征形成鲜明对比。在WZFZ的平坦底部发现了一个典型的超底端足类--谢氏渊丽体鱼(Bathycalisoma schellenbergi,比尔斯坦& Vinogradov,1958)的大种群。此外,线粒体DNA同源性解决了一定程度的地理结构之间的B。schellenbergiWZFZ人口和四个以前采样的太平洋俯冲海沟人口,表明这些功能并没有通过正在进行的基因流相互关联。综合起来,这些数据表明,一些端足类动物的分布范围比以前所了解的要广得多,一些物种存在于深海俯冲沟和非俯冲断裂带以及散布在深海平原上的盆地中。这一初步探索强调,虽然非俯冲功能是一个被忽视的总超深渊区的一小部分,他们是必不可少的,我们了解整个超深渊区的生态和进化动力学。
Our understanding of the ecology of the hadal zone (> 6000 m depth) is based solely on subduction trenches, leaving other geomorphological features, such as fracture zones, troughs, and basins, understudied. To address this knowledge gap, the Wallaby-Zenith Fracture Zone, Indian Ocean (WZFZ; ~ 22°S, 102°E; maximum depth 6625 m measured during Expedition SO258) was studied using free-fall baited landers. We assessed the amphipod distribution and community assemblage of this non-subduction hadal feature and compared it to subduction hadal features. Eleven species were identified across the abyssal-hadal transition zone using a paired morphological and DNA barcoding approach. The community composition was found to change gradually from abyssal to hadal depths, which contrasts with the ecotone shift characteristic of subduction trenches. A large population ofBathycallisoma schellenbergi(Birstein & Vinogradov, 1958), a quintessential hadal amphipod, was present at the flat bottom of the WZFZ. Further, an mtDNA phylogeny resolved a degree of phylogeographic structure between theB. schellenbergiWZFZ population and four previously sampled Pacific Ocean subduction trench populations, indicating these features are not interconnected through ongoing gene flow. Combined, these data indicate that some amphipods have far broader distributions than previously understood, with some species present in both hadal subduction trenches and non-subduction fracture zones and basins interspersed across the abyssal plains. This initial exploration highlights that whilst non-subduction features are an overlooked minor fraction of the total hadal area, they are essential to our understanding of the ecological and evolutionary dynamics across the hadal zone.
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