Original Equipment Manufacturers’ Participation in Take‐Back Initiatives in Brazil
Original Equipment Manufacturers’ Participation in Take‐Back Initiatives in Brazil
复制标题
原始设备制造商参与巴西回收计划
DOI：
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
L. N. Wassenhove
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Quariguasi Frota Neto;L. N. Wassenhove
宽松的立法和不断增长的电子产品需求正在推动发展中国家电子废物的不断增长。为了减少电子废物造成的损害并从报废 (EoL) 电子产品中恢复价值，原始设备制造商 (OEM) 在过去几十年中制定了将电子废物从垃圾填埋场转移到回收和再利用的计划。尽管这是一个激烈争论的话题，但人们对这些举措的了解甚少，包括原始设备制造商的参与程度或它们在发展中经济体减少电子废物方面取得的成功程度。为了加深我们对这些问题的理解，我们调查了巴西蓬勃发展的个人电脑（即台式电脑和笔记本电脑）市场的回收计划。使用多种方法（电子档案数据收集和对制造商的半结构化访谈），我们发现证据表明大型跨国制造商处于回收计划的最前沿。然而，就产品回收而言，这些举措在很多方面都落后于美国这一更为发达的市场所实施的举措。我们发现原始设备制造商参与回收计划水平低的主要原因是收集成本高、残值低以及立法松懈、不明确和相互冲突。此外，鉴于我们对调节参与的特定国家、特定公司和特定产品决定因素知之甚少，我们提出了新的研究途径。
Lax legislation and increasing demand for electronics are driving relentless growth in electronic waste (e‐waste) in the developing world. To reduce the damage caused by e‐waste and recover value from end‐of‐life (EoL) electronics, original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) have created, over the past decades, programs to divert e‐waste from landfills to recycling and reuse. Although the subject of intense debate, little is known about such initiatives in terms of levels of participation by OEMs or the extent to which they have succeeded in reducing e‐waste in developing economies. To broaden our understanding of these issues, we investigate take‐back initiatives in the thriving market of personal computers (i.e., desktop and laptop computers) in Brazil. Using a multimethod approach (electronic archival data collection and semistructured interviews with manufacturers), we find evidence that large multinational manufacturers are at the forefront of take‐back programs. However, these initiatives in many ways lag behind those implemented in the United States, a more developed market as far as product take‐back is concerned. We find the main reasons for the low levels of participation by OEMs in take‐back programs to be high collection costs, low residual values, and lax, unclear, and conflicting legislation. Moreover, we propose new avenues of research, in light of our scant knowledge of country‐specific, company‐specific, and product‐specific determinants that moderate participation.