LEUKOTRIENES - MEDIATORS OF IMMEDIATE HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS AND INFLAMMATION
LEUKOTRIENES - MEDIATORS OF IMMEDIATE HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS AND INFLAMMATION
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DOI：
10.1126/science.6301011
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发表时间：
1983-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
SAMUELSSON, B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
SAMUELSSON, B
花生四烯酸在生物控制系统中起着核心作用，其中诸如花生四烯酸、血栓烷和白三烯等含氧衍生物是介体。通过将花生四烯酸转化为不稳定的环氧化物中间体白三烯A4形成白三烯，该中间体可通过水合酶促转化为白三烯B4，并通过谷胱甘肽加成为白三烯C4。最后一种化合物通过连续消除γ-谷氨酰残基和甘氨酸代谢为白三烯D4和E4。过敏反应的慢反应物质由白三烯C4、D4和E4组成。含半胱氨酰的白三烯是有效的支气管收缩剂，增加毛细血管后微静脉的血管通透性，并刺激粘液分泌。白三烯B4引起白细胞的粘附和趋化运动，并刺激中性粒细胞的聚集、酶释放和超氧化物的产生。从暴露于特定过敏原的哮喘受试者的肺组织释放的白三烯C4、D4和E4似乎在速发型超敏反应中发挥病理生理作用。这些白三烯以及白三烯B4具有促炎作用。
Arachidonic acid plays a central role in a biological control system where such oxygenated derivatives as prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes are mediators. The leukotrienes are formed by transformation of arachidonic acid into an unstable epoxide intermediate, leukotriene A4, which can be converted enzymatically by hydration to leukotriene B4, and by addition of glutathione to leukotriene C4. This last compound is metabolized to leukotrienes D4and E4by successive elimination of a γ-glutamyl residue and glycine. Slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis consists of leukotrienes C4, D4, and E4. The cysteinyl-containing leukotrienes are potent bronchoconstrictors, increase vascular permeability in postcapillary venules, and stimulate mucus secretion. Leukotriene B4causes adhesion and chemotactic movement of leukocytes and stimulates aggregation, enzyme release, and generation of superoxide in neutrophils. Leukotrienes C4, D4, and E4, which are released from the lung tissue of asthmatic subjects exposed to specific allergens, seem to play a pathophysiological role in immediate hypersensitivity reactions. These leukotrienes, as well as leukotriene B4, have pro-inflammatory effects.