The Bromeliad Microcosm and the Assessment of Faunal Diversity in a Neotropical Forest 1
The Bromeliad Microcosm and the Assessment of Faunal Diversity in a Neotropical Forest 1
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凤梨科植物微观世界和新热带森林动物多样性评估 1
DOI：
10.1111/j.1744-7429.1999.tb00144.x
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发表时间：
1999
期刊：
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
B. A. Richardson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. A. Richardson
两年来，我们对波多黎各卢基约实验森林不同海拔的三种森林类型的罐凤梨科动物群进行了采样，并比较了其动物群落的多样性。凤梨科植物表现得像岛屿，因为在森林内，其动物群落的物种丰富度和丰度与植物大小的增加呈显着正相关。它们积累的冠层碎片数量同样与植物尺寸的增加相关。矮林中的总体多样性最低，那里的植物都很小。动物群落每年都很稳定，并且可以针对每种森林类型和植物内的区划进行表征。它们表现出一种高优势模式，随着海拔的升高而增加（塔博努科森林、帕洛科罗拉多森林和矮林的麦克诺顿指数分别为 37、54 和 73）。每年采样地点的 Alpha 多样性反映了森林的净初级生产力 (NPP)，当使用动物丰度测量时，随着海拔的增加而下降（折刀估计辛普森多样性指数 6.54 和 11.04 [tabonuco]、3.53 和 6.22 [帕洛科罗拉多] 和 2.75 和 2.17 [矮林]）。然而，这两年中帕洛科罗拉多森林的物种丰富度最高（187 种），而塔博努科森林和矮林分别有 146 种和 88 种。这些数字接近对最大物种丰富度的折刀估计。塔博努科森林和帕洛科罗拉多森林之间的物种丰富度差异仅在一年内就显着。除了NPP之外，其他因素，例如凋落物质量和帕洛科罗拉多森林栖息地的结构复杂性，也可能影响物种丰富度。单个植物中最丰富的物种也是最广泛存在的，证实了其他功能组中已知的丰度和分布模式。不同海拔的凤梨科植物微观世界内的多样性支持了多样性、生产力和栖息地复杂性之间已知的梯度关系，并且与可用于定殖的总凤梨科植物栖息地的差异无关。
The faunas of tank bromeliads were sampled over two years in three forest types at different elevations in the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico, and the diversity of their animal communities compared. Bromeliad plants behaved as islands in that, within forests, the species richness and abundance of their animal communities were significantly and positively correlated with increase in plant size. The amount of canopy debris they accumulated was similarly correlated with increase in plant size. Overall diversity was lowest in the dwarf forest, where plants were uniformly small. Animal communities were stable from year to year, and could be characterised for each forest type and for compartments within the plant. They showed a pattern of high dominance, which increased with elevation (Mc‐Naughton index 37, 54, and 73, respectively, for the tabonuco, palo Colorado, and dwarf forest). Alpha‐diversity for sites sampled in each year reflected net primary productivity (NPP) of the forest, declining with increasing elevation when animal abundance measures were used (jackknife estimates of Simpson's diversity index 6.54 & 11.04 [tabonuco], 3.53 & 6.22 [palo Colorado], and 2.75 & 2.17 [dwarf forest]). Species richness over the two years, however, was highest in the intermediate palo Colorado forest (187 species), compared to 146 and 88 in the tabonuco and dwarf forests, respectively. These figures were close to jackknife estimates of maximum species richness. The difference in species richness between tabonuco and palo Colorado forests was significant in one year only. In addition to NPP, other factors, such as litter quality and the structural complexity of the habitat in the palo Colorado forest, may have influenced species richness. The most abundant species in individual plants were also the most widely occurring, confirming known patterns of abundance and distribution in other functional groups. Diversity within bromeliad microcosms at different elevations supported known relationships between diversity, productivity, and habitat complexity along gradients and was not related to differences in the total bromeliad habitat available for colonization.