Characterization and comparison of toxin-producing isolates of Dinophysis acuminata from New England and Canada.
Characterization and comparison of toxin-producing isolates of Dinophysis acuminata from New England and Canada.
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DOI：
10.1111/jpy.12251
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发表时间：
2015-02
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Anderson DM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Tong M;Smith JL;Richlen M;Steidinger KA;Kulis DM;Fux E;Anderson DM
在从大西洋西北部鉴定出第一个尖齿甲藻有毒分离株后，我们对来自美国东北部三个地点的三个分离株的形态、生殖、生理和生殖性进行了详细的研究。加拿大地区：鳗鱼池和玛莎葡萄园，马萨诸塞州，和芬迪湾。从墨西哥湾收集的另一个分离株在相同的光照、温度和猎物条件下生长以进行比较。尽管观察到的表型异质性，形态计量学和分子证据分类的三个西北大西洋分离物Dinophysis acuminata Claparède & Lachmann，而从墨西哥湾分离物的形态鉴定为D。参见卵子生理和毒素分析支持这些分类，与来自墨西哥湾的分离物相比，三个西北大西洋分离物在生长速率、毒素谱和贝类中毒（DSP）毒素含量（冈田酸+甲藻毒素1/细胞）方面彼此更相似，墨西哥湾分离物的毒素谱与已发表的D.参见卵F.舒特3个西北大西洋分离物的DSP毒素含量（0.01 - 1.8 pg冈田酸（OA）+甲藻毒素（DTX 1）· cell−1）相对于其他D.这与美国东北部和加拿大由于DSP毒素而导致贝类捕捞关闭的相对稀缺性相一致。如果对该地区地理和时间分布更广的分离株进行分析，重复这种模式，则大西洋西北部发生重大DSP毒素暴发的风险似乎为低至中度。最后，形态，生理和毒理学的变异性，在D。acuminata可能反映空间（和/或时间）的人口结构，并建议，分种分辨率可能有助于在描述水华动态和预测毒性。
Following the identification of the first toxic isolate of Dinophysis acuminata from the northwestern Atlantic, we conducted detailed investigations into the morphology, phylogeny, physiology, and toxigenicity of three isolates from three sites within the northeastern U.S./Canada region: Eel Pond and Martha’s Vineyard, Massachusetts, and the Bay of Fundy. Another isolate, collected from the Gulf of Mexico, was grown under the same light, temperature, and prey conditions for comparison. Despite observed phenotypic heterogeneity, morphometrics and molecular evidence classified the three northwestern Atlantic isolates as Dinophysis acuminata Claparède & Lachmann, whereas the isolate from the Gulf of Mexico was morphologically identified as D. cf. ovum. Physiological and toxin analyses supported these classifications, with the three northwestern Atlantic isolates being more similar to each other with respect to growth rate, toxin profile, and diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxin content (okadaic acid + dinophysistoxin 1/cell) than they were to the isolate from the Gulf of Mexico, which had toxin profiles similar to those published for D. cf. ovum F. Schütt. The DSP toxin content, 0.01 – 1.8 pg okadaic acid (OA) + dinophysistoxin (DTX1) · cell−1, of the three northwestern Atlantic isolates was low relative to other D. acuminata strains from elsewhere in the world, consistent with the relative scarcity of shellfish harvesting closures due to DSP toxins in the northeastern U.S. and Canada. If this pattern is repeated with analyses of more geographically and temporally dispersed isolates from the region, it would appear that the risk of significant DSP toxin outbreaks in the northwestern Atlantic is low to moderate. Finally, the morphological, physiological, and toxicological variability within D. acuminata may reflect spatial (and/or temporal) population structure, and suggests that sub-specific resolution may be helpful in characterizing bloom dynamics and predicting toxicity.