Extracellular Vesicle-Dependent Communication Between Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Immune Effector Cells.
Extracellular Vesicle-Dependent Communication Between Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Immune Effector Cells.
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间充质干细胞和免疫效应细胞之间依赖细胞外小泡的通讯。
DOI：
10.3389/fcell.2020.596079
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Krampera M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bazzoni R;Takam Kamga P;Tanasi I;Krampera M
间充质干/基质细胞（MSC）是存在于身体基质组织中的多能细胞，并且能够通过其免疫调节特性促进组织修复和减弱炎症过程。临床前和临床观察表明，不仅直接的细胞间通讯介导MSC的性质;事实上，可溶性和生物活性因子，如细胞因子，生长因子和细胞外囊泡（EV）的释放也发挥了关键作用。EV是膜包被的囊泡，其含有多种生物活性分子，包括脂质、蛋白质和核酸，如RNA。EV将其内容物释放到靶细胞中，从而通过控制细胞内过程影响细胞命运。此外，MSC衍生的EV可以介导对属于先天性免疫和适应性免疫的不同效应细胞的调节作用。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论有关MSC衍生EV的文献数据，包括目前标准化的方法，其分离和表征，支持其免疫调节特性的机制，以及其作为替代MSC为基础的治疗炎症反应，如移植物抗宿主病（GvHD）的潜在临床应用。
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells residing in the stromal tissues of the body and capable of promoting tissue repair and attenuating inflammatory processes through their immunomodulatory properties. Preclinical and clinical observations revealed that not only direct intercellular communication mediates MSC properties; in fact, a pivotal role is also played by the release of soluble and bioactive factors, such as cytokines, growth factor and extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are membrane-coated vesicles containing a large variety of bioactive molecules, including lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, such as RNA. EVs release their contents into target cells, thus influencing cell fate through the control of intracellular processes. In addition, MSC-derived EVs can mediate modulatory effects toward different effector cells belonging to both innate and adaptive immunity. In this review, we will discuss the literature data concerning MSC-derived EVs, including the current standardized methods for their isolation and characterization, the mechanisms supporting their immunoregulatory properties, and their potential clinical application as alternative to MSC-based therapy for inflammatory reactions, such as graft-versus-host disease (GvHD).