Nutrition transition in 2 lowland Bolivian subsistence populations
Nutrition transition in 2 lowland Bolivian subsistence populations
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DOI：
10.1093/ajcn/nqy250
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发表时间：
2018-12-01
影响因子：
7.1
通讯作者：
Gurven, Michael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kraft, Thomas S.;Stieglitz, Jonathan;Gurven, Michael
背景：传统饮食通常被认为是维持生计人群心脏代谢健康的原因。然而，农村自给人口正在经历与慢性非传染性疾病增加有关的营养转变。很少有研究对转型人群进行了详细的饮食估计。目的：我们的目的是：1)表征和比较玻利维亚两个邻近的、市场一体化程度不同的自给人口的饮食特征；2)确定有助于降低心血管疾病风险的饮食因素。设计：我们采用混合纵向设计，通过对1299名提斯曼人（30-91岁）和229名莫塞滕人（30-84岁）的24小时回忆和饮食问卷调查来估计营养摄入量。我们构建了能量摄入、饮食多样性和营养不足的人口水平估计，并使用多层模型分析了饮食随时间和空间的变化。最后，我们比较了Tsimane和Moseten与美国人的饮食特征（NHANES）。结果：Tsimane饮食具有高能量（24222736 kcal/d）、碳水化合物（376 ~ 423 g/d）和蛋白质（119 ~ 139 g/d）摄入量的特点；低脂肪摄入（40-46克/天）；与美国平均饮食相比，饮食多样性较低。大部分卡路里（64%）来自复合碳水化合物。在为期5年的研究中，总能量和碳水化合物摄入量显著增加，特别是在集镇附近的村庄。Tsimane食品添加剂（猪油，油，糖，盐）的消费量显著增加[糖（15.8 g）]。(1)人。d(-1))和油(4.9 mL。(1)人。D(-1))]。与提斯曼人相比，更适应文化的摩西人消耗了更多的糖（343%）和油（535%）。结论：富含复合碳水化合物的高能量饮食与低心血管疾病风险相关，如果再加上积极的生活方式。从高纤维、低脂肪、低盐和低加工糖饮食的转变，对转型人群来说是一个显著的健康风险。玻利维亚营养转变的证据与身体脂肪和体重指数增加的趋势相吻合，这表明心血管疾病的低患病率可能不会持续下去。
Background: Traditional diets are often credited for the robust cardiometabolic health of subsistence populations. Yet, rural subsistence populations are undergoing nutrition transitions that have been linked to the increase in chronic noncommunicable diseases. Few studies have presented detailed dietary estimates in transitioning populations.Objectives: We aimed to 1) characterize and compare dietary profiles of 2 neighboring subsistence populations in Boliviawho vary in market integration and 2) identify dietary factors contributing to low cardiovascular disease risk.Design: We used a mixed longitudinal design to estimate nutrient intake via 24-h recall and dietary questionnaires among 1299 Tsimane (aged 30-91 y) and 229 Moseten (aged 30-84 y) men and women. We constructed population-level estimates of energy intake, dietary diversity, and nutrient shortfalls and analyzed dietary changes over time and space using multilevel models. Last, we compared Tsimane and Moseten dietary profiles with those of Americans (NHANES).Results: The Tsimane diet was characterized by high energy (24222736 kcal/d), carbohydrate (376-423 g/d), and protein (119-139 g/d) intakes; low fat intake (40-46 g/d); and low dietary diversity relative to the average US diet. Most calories (64%) were derived from complex carbohydrates. Total energy and carbohydrate intake increased significantly during the 5-y study, particularly in villages near market towns. Tsimane consumption of food additives (lard, oil, sugar, salt) increased significantly [sugar (15.8 g . person(-1) . d(-1)) and oil (4.9 mL . person(-1) . d(-1))] between 2010 and 2015. The more-acculturatedMoseten consumed substantially more sugar (by 343%) and oil (by 535%) than the Tsimane.Conclusions: A high-energy diet rich in complex carbohydrates is associated with low cardiovascular disease risk when coupled with a physically active lifestyle. A transition away from a high-fiber and low-fat, low-salt, and low-processed-sugar diet is a salient health risk for transitioning populations. Evidence of a nutrition transition in Bolivia parallels trends of increasing body fat and body mass index, which suggests that a low prevalence of cardiovascular disease may not persist.