Comparing vibrissal morphology and infraorbital foramen area in pinnipeds.
Comparing vibrissal morphology and infraorbital foramen area in pinnipeds.
复制标题
比较鳍足类触须形态和眶下孔面积。
DOI：
10.1002/ar.24683
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Milne AO
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Milne AO
鳍足类触须非常适合在水生环境中进行感知，因为它们在形态上比陆生物种更多样，更敏感。然而，在许多物种中测量触须敏感性既具有挑战性又耗时。在陆生物种中，眶下孔（IOF）面积与触须敏感性相关，并随触须数量增加而增加。虽然鳍足类被认为有很大的IOF面积，但以前还没有系统地测量过。我们调查了触须形态，IOF面积和头骨大小在16种鳍足类和12个陆生食肉目物种。鳍足类有显着较大的头骨和IOF地区，较长的触须，和较少的触须比其他食肉动物物种。IOF面积和触须数在鳍足类中相关，就像它们在陆生哺乳动物中一样。然而，尽管鳍足类有显着较少的触须比其他食肉目物种，他们的IOF面积并不小，这可能是由于鳍足类有触须，受神经支配更多。我们建议，调查归一化IOF面积每触须将提供一种替代的方式来近似毛个别触须的灵敏度在鳍足类和其他哺乳动物物种。我们的数据表明，许多种类的鳍足类动物，和一些种类的猫科动物，很可能有强烈的神经支配的个别触须，因为他们有高值的归一化IOF面积每触须。我们认为，在黑暗中狩猎移动猎物的物种将有更敏感和专门的触须，特别是因为它们必须整合各个触须信号之间，以计算狩猎过程中移动猎物的方向。
Pinniped vibrissae are well‐adapted to sensing in an aquatic environment, by being morphologically diverse and more sensitive than those of terrestrial species. However, it is both challenging and time‐consuming to measure vibrissal sensitivity in many species. In terrestrial species, the infraorbital foramen (IOF) area is associated with vibrissal sensitivity and increases with vibrissal number. While pinnipeds are thought to have large IOF areas, this has not yet been systematically measured before. We investigated vibrissal morphology, IOF area, and skull size in 16 species of pinniped and 12 terrestrial Carnivora species. Pinnipeds had significantly larger skulls and IOF areas, longer vibrissae, and fewer vibrissae than the other Carnivora species. IOF area and vibrissal number were correlated in Pinnipeds, just as they are in terrestrial mammals. However, despite pinnipeds having significantly fewer vibrissae than other Carnivora species, their IOF area was not smaller, which might be due to pinnipeds having vibrissae that are innervated more. We propose that investigating normalized IOF area per vibrissa will offer an alternative way to approximate gross individual vibrissal sensitivity in pinnipeds and other mammalian species. Our data show that many species of pinniped, and some species of felids, are likely to have strongly innervated individual vibrissae, since they have high values of normalized IOF area per vibrissa. We suggest that species that hunt moving prey items in the dark will have more sensitive and specialized vibrissae, especially as they have to integrate between individual vibrissal signals to calculate the direction of moving prey during hunting.