An Integrated System for Regional Environmental Monitoring and Management Based on Internet of Things
An Integrated System for Regional Environmental Monitoring and Management Based on Internet of Things
复制标题
基于物联网的区域环境监测管理一体化系统
DOI：
10.1109/tii.2014.2302638
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发表时间：
2014-05-01
影响因子：
12.3
通讯作者：
Liu, Zhihui
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fang, Shifeng;Xu, Li Da;Liu, Zhihui
近年来，气候变化和环境监测与管理受到了极大的关注，综合信息系统(IIS)被认为具有很高的价值。介绍了物联网(IoT)、云计算、地理信息学[遥感(RS)、地理信息系统(GIS)和全球定位系统(GPS)]和e-Science环境监测与管理相结合的IIS，并以区域气候变化及其生态效应为例进行了研究。感知层使用多传感器和Web服务来收集数据和其他信息；网络层使用公共网络和专用网络来访问和传输海量数据和其他信息。关键技术和工具包括实时操作数据库(RODB)；提取-转换-加载(ETL)；在线分析处理(OLAP)和关系OLAP(ROLAP)；命名、寻址和配置文件服务器(NAP)；应用网关(AG)；不同平台和任务的应用软件(APP)；物联网应用基础设施(IoT-AI)；地理信息系统和e-Science平台；以及代表性状态转移/Java数据库连接(RESTful/JDBC)。应用程序接口(API)在IIS的中间件层实现。应用层提供数据和其他信息的存储、组织、处理和共享功能，以及环境监测和管理中的应用功能。结果表明，新疆近50年(1962-2011年)气温呈明显上升趋势，20世纪80年代初以来降水量呈明显上升趋势。此外，从生态指标[总初级生产力(GPP)、净初级生产力(NPP)和叶面积指数(LAI)]与气象要素(气温和降水)的相关性来看，水资源的可获得性是该地区陆地生态系统的决定性因素。研究表明，研究工作得益于这样的IIS，不仅在物联网支持的数据收集方面，而且在基于云计算和e-Science平台的Web服务和应用方面，可以明显提高监控过程和决策的有效性。本文为环境监测和管理提供了一个原型IIS，也为未来的研究和实践提供了一个新的范式，特别是在大数据和物联网时代。
Climate change and environmental monitoring and management have received much attention recently, and an integrated information system (IIS) is considered highly valuable. This paper introduces a novel IIS that combines Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud Computing, Geoinformatics [remote sensing (RS), geographical information system (GIS), and global positioning system (GPS)], and e-Science for environmental monitoring and management, with a case study on regional climate change and its ecological effects. Multi-sensors and Web services were used to collect data and other information for the perception layer; both public networks and private networks were used to access and transport mass data and other information in the network layer. The key technologies and tools include real-time operational database (RODB); extraction-transformation-loading (ETL); on-line analytical processing (OLAP) and relational OLAP (ROLAP); naming, addressing, and profile server (NAPS); application gateway (AG); application software for different platforms and tasks (APPs); IoT application infrastructure (IoT-AI); GIS and e-Science platforms; and representational state transfer/Java database connectivity (RESTful/JDBC). Application Program Interfaces (APIs) were implemented in the middleware layer of the IIS. The application layer provides the functions of storing, organizing, processing, and sharing of data and other information, as well as the functions of applications in environmental monitoring and management. The results from the case study show that there is a visible increasing trend of the air temperature in Xinjiang over the last 50 years (1962-2011) and an apparent increasing trend of the precipitation since the early 1980s. Furthermore, from the correlation between ecological indicators [gross primary production (GPP), net primary production (NPP), and leaf area index (LAI)] and meteorological elements (air temperature and precipitation), water resource availability is the decisive factor with regard to the terrestrial ecosystem in the area. The study shows that the research work is greatly benefited from such an IIS, not only in data collection supported by IoT, but also in Web services and applications based on cloud computing and e-Science platforms, and the effectiveness of monitoring processes and decision-making can be obviously improved. This paper provides a prototype IIS for environmental monitoring and management, and it also provides a new paradigm for the future research and practice; especially in the era of big data and IoT.