Cytoplasmic and nuclear determinants of the maternal-to-embryonic transition
Cytoplasmic and nuclear determinants of the maternal-to-embryonic transition
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DOI：
10.1071/rd07156
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Smith, George W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bettegowda, Anilkumar;Lee, Kyung-Bon;Smith, George W.
尽管培养系统的改进大大提高了体外胚胎生产，但在最佳条件下的成功率仍然远远不够理想。大多数体外产生的胚胎发育停滞的原因尚不清楚，但可能部分归因于对卵母细胞和/或早期胚胎的细胞质和/或核环境的内在和外在影响，这些影响阻碍了母体向胚胎过渡的正常进展。母体到胚胎的过渡是胚胎发育期间从受精到早期胚胎发生的控制从卵母细胞衍生因子的调节变为胚胎基因组产物的调节的时间段。卵子发生过程中转录和储存的许多母性效应基因的产物介导了这一转变。显着的表观遗传变化，染色质在这一窗口的发展显着调节胚胎基因的表达。母体mRNA库的消耗也是母体向胚胎过渡期间的一个强制性事件，对随后的发育至关重要。增加对母体到胚胎过渡的基本机制和介质的了解是理解卵母细胞质量调节和未来与胚胎生产相关的突破的基础。
Although improvements in culture systems have greatly enhanced in vitro embryo production, success rates under the best conditions are still far from ideal. The reasons for developmental arrest of the majority of in vitro produced embryos are unclear, but likely attributable, in part, to intrinsic and extrinsic influences on the cytoplasmic and/or nuclear environment of an oocyte and/or early embryo that impede normal progression through the maternal-to-embryonic transition. The maternal-to-embryonic transition is the time period during embryonic development spanning from fertilisation until when control of early embryogenesis changes from regulation by oocyte-derived factors to regulation by products of the embryonic genome. The products of numerous maternal effect genes transcribed and stored during oogenesis mediate this transition. Marked epigenetic changes to chromatin during this window of development significantly modulate embryonic gene expression. Depletion of maternal mRNA pools is also an obligatory event during the maternal-to-embryonic transition critical to subsequent development. An increased knowledge of the fundamental mechanisms and mediators of the maternal-to-embryonic transition is foundational to understanding the regulation of oocyte quality and future breakthroughs relevant to embryo production.