How can groups communicate when they use different languages
How can groups communicate when they use different languages
复制标题
使用不同语言的群体如何进行交流
DOI：
10.1145/966861.45413
复制
发表时间：
1988
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
T. Malone
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jintae Lee;T. Malone
许多办公系统基于各种类型的消息、表单或其他文档。当这类系统的用户需要与使用不同文档类型的人交流时，某种翻译是必要的。在本文中，我们探讨了这个翻译问题的一般解决方案的空间，并提出了几个具体的解决方案it.After首先说明了这个问题的信息透镜电子消息系统中，我们确定了两个部分冲突的目标，任何翻译方案应该满足：保存的意义和自主进化的组languages。然后，我们划分的空间可能的解决方案，这个问题的集合论之间的关系组语言和一个共同的语言。这导致四个主要的解决方案类，我们说明和评估每一个。最后，我们描述了一个复合计划，结合了许多最好的功能的其他计划。尽管我们的例子主要涉及信息透镜系统的扩展，但分析也表明其他类型的办公系统可能会利用文档类型的专业化层次结构来简化翻译问题。基于计算机的办公系统通常使用各种类型的消息、表单和其他文档来传达信息。当所有希望相互交流的人都使用完全相同类型的文档时，就不会出现翻译问题。然而，当人们想要与使用不同类型文档的其他人进行交流时，某种类型的翻译是必要的。随着越来越多的不同类型的系统被连接到异构网络中，这种翻译的需求似乎变得越来越普遍。我们特别关注在基于模板的通信系统中出现的这个问题的一个实例（例如[马龙等人87 b]，[Tsichritzis 82]）。问题是这样的系统的用户如何能够与具有不同模板集的其他用户进行通信。当不同文字处理系统的用户希望交换文件时，或当不同公司希望使用电子数据交换标准交换诸如定购单和发票之类的商业表格时，可能会出现问题的其他例子。在本文中，我们将探讨这个翻译问题的一般解决方案的空间，并提出几个具体的解决方案。我们的主要目标是设计扩展的信息透镜系统（[马龙等。al. 87 a]，[马龙等. 87 b]），当（1）组使用相同类型的消息中的一些而不是全部，以及（2）每个组所使用的消息类型可以随时间改变时，允许不同的组彼此通信。在本文的第一部分中，我们说明了这个问题，因为它出现在信息透镜系统的背景下。在第二部分中，我们更精确地根据我们希望其解决方案满足的目标来陈述问题。在第3节中，我们通过提出一个沿着划分空间的维度来探索可能解的空间，并检查每个类的代表解。在第4节中，我们提出了一个新的方案，它结合了我们探索的解决方案的大多数可取的功能。最后，我们的结论暗示的影响，这项研究可能有更一般的情况下。
Many office systems are based on various types of messages, forms, or other documents. When users of such systems need to communicate with people who use different document types, some kind of translation is necessary. In this paper, we explore the space of general solutions to this translation problem and propose several specific solutions to it. After first illustrating the problem in the Information Lens electronic messaging system, we identify two partly conflicting objectives that any translation scheme should satisfy: preservation of meaning and autonomous evolution of group languages. Then we partition the space of possible solutions to this problem in terms of the set theoretic relations between group languages and a common language. This leads to four primary solution classes and we illustrate and evaluate each one. Finally, we describe a composite scheme that combines many of the best features of the other schemes. Even though our examples deal primarily with extensions to the Information Lens system, the analysis also suggests how other kinds of office systems might exploit specialization hierarchies of document types to simplify the translation problem. Computer-based office systems often use various types of messages, forms, and other documents to communicate information. When all the people who wish to communicate with each other use exactly the same types of documents, translation problems do not arise. However, when people want to communicate with others who use different kinds of documents, some kind of translation is necessary. The needs for such translation seem likely to become increasingly common as more and more diverse kinds of systems are linked into heterogeneous networks. We have been particularly concerned with one instance of this problem that arises in the context of template-based communication systems (e.g. [Malone et.al.87b], [Tsichritzis 82]). The problem is how users of such systems can communicate with other users who have a different set of templates. Other examples of the problem may arise when users of different word processing systems wish to exchange documents, or when different companies wish to use Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) standards to exchange business forms such as purchase orders and invoices. In this paper, we will explore the space of general solutions to this translation problem and propose several specific schemes for solving it. Our primary goal has been to design extensions to the Information Lens system ([Malone et. al. 87a], [Malone et. al. 87b]) that allow different groups to communicate with each other when (1) the groups use some, but not all, of the same types of messages, and (2) the message types used by each group may change over time. In the first section of the paper, we illustrate the problem as it arises in the context of the Information Lens system. In the second section, we state the problem more precisely in terms of the objectives that we want its solution to satisfy. In Section 3, we explore the space of possible solutions by suggesting a dimension along which to partition the space and examining a representative solution for each class. In Section 4, we propose a new scheme that combines most of the desirable features of the solutions we explored. Finally, we conclude by hinting at the implications that this research might have for more general contexts.