Localization of white matter volume increase in autism and developmental language disorder
Localization of white matter volume increase in autism and developmental language disorder
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DOI：
10.1002/ana.20032
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发表时间：
2004-04-01
影响因子：
11.2
通讯作者：
Caviness, VS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Herbert, MR;Ziegler, DA;Caviness, VS
自闭症患者的脑容量增加似乎主要是由无法解释的白色物质增大引起的，我们已经报道了发育性语言障碍（DLD）中的类似现象。这种扩大的定位将有力地指导其原因，组织基础和功能影响的研究。我们采用了一种白色物质分割技术，将大脑白色物质分为包含放射性间室的外区和包含矢状和桥接系统间室的内区。在高功能自闭症和DLD中，扩大局限于放射状白色物质（自闭症中的所有脑叶，DLD中除顶叶外的所有脑叶），而内部区域白色物质隔间与对照组没有体积差异。此外，在自闭症和DLD中，较晚或较长的髓鞘形成区域显示出比对照组更大的体积增加。两组均未显示大脑皮质、胼胝体或内囊体积与对照组的差异。放射状白色物质比深层白色物质晚髓鞘化;因此，这种扩大的模式与自闭症中报告的出生后头围百分位数增加一致。这些发现表明，自闭症和DLD的出生后过程可能是白色物质固有的，主要影响半球内和皮质皮质的连接，并将这两种疾病放在同一谱上。
Increased brain volume in autism appears to be driven mainly by an unexplained white matter enlargement, and we have reported a similar phenomenon in developmental language disorder (DLD). Localization of this enlargement would strongly guide research into its cause, tissue basis, and functional implications. We utilized a white matter parcellation technique that divides cerebral white matter into an outer zone containing the radiate compartment and an inner zone containing sagittal and bridging system compartments. In both high-functioning autism and DLD, enlargement localized to the radiate white matter (all lobes in autism, all but parietal in DLD), whereas inner zone white matter compartments showed no volume differences from controls. Furthermore, in both autism and DLD, later or longer-myelinating regions showed greater volume increases over controls. Neither group showed cerebral cortex, corpus callosum, or internal capsule volume differences from control. Radiate white matter myelinates later than deep white matter; this pattern of enlargement thus is consistent with striking postnatal head circumference percentile increases reported in autism. These findings suggest an ongoing postnatal process in both autism and DLD that is probably intrinsic to white matter, that primarily affects intrahemispheric and corticocortical connections, and that places these two disorders on the same spectrum.