Models for recognizing indigenous land rights in Latin America
Models for recognizing indigenous land rights in Latin America
复制标题
承认拉丁美洲土著土地权的模式
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. R. Ortega
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. R. Ortega
本文代表了通过土地权利的视角来填补拉丁美洲历史空白的一个重要维度。这片大陆上居住着许多国家，与自然和谐相处，有各种各样的文化和语言，并发展了许多不同的社会经济制度（国家和地方）。这些国家从阿拉斯加到巴塔哥尼亚都是主权国家。事实上，我们知道，在所有这些国家中，它们有非常先进和建立良好的体制安排和组织（正式和非正式），这些安排和组织是为了响应当时的需要和挑战而创建和培育的。通过各种形式的治理，这些社会确实将权利和责任分配给不同的行动者和群体，以保持可接受的社会凝聚力水平，建立重要的政治共识。随着一些国家的政治制度变得更加民主，听取和接受少数群体的意见，土地权利问题明显浮出水面。主权、习惯法以及简单地说，从国家到家庭层面的传统规范等问题，正被摆上显然是一场复杂的社会对话的台面。如上文所述，该文件是一个极好的基本信息来源，分享了对土地权属/所有权的简单而实用的理解。此外，该论文代表了一种真正的尝试：a)承认拉丁美洲存在这些复杂的土地权利和土地所有权制度；B)研究国家层面的内容，以便国际经验/比较可能引发政策一致性和立法的举措；c)证明土地不仅是一种具有一定经济和金融价值的有形资产，而且是一种内在的维度，是人们生活和信仰体系的一部分。上述所有方面也有人权方面的内容。理解土地权的人权方面是至关重要的，它不仅是一项法律义务，而且是经济和社会发展的一个关键因素。
This paper represents an important dimension in filling Latin America history's gaps through the lens of land rights. The continent was populated by many nations, functioned in harmony with nature, had a variety of cultures and languages, and, developed many different socio-economic systems (nationally and locally). These nations were sovereign and recognized from Alaska to Patagonia. Indeed, among all of them, we know they had very advanced, and well established institutional arrangements and organizations (formal and informal), created and nurtured with the view to respond to the needs, and challenges of the time. With a variety of forms of governance, these societies did assign rights, and responsibilities to the different actors, and groups in order to maintain an acceptable level of social cohesion, to establish important political consensus. As the political systems of some countries are now becoming more democratic to listening, and embracing the views of minorities, issues of land rights have clearly surfaced. Issues of sovereignty, customary law and, simply, of traditional norms-from the national to the household levels-are being put on the table of what is clearly a complex social dialogue. The paper is an excellent source of basic information, sharing an easy and practical understanding about land tenure/titling, as discussed above. In addition, the paper represents a genuine attempt to: a) recognize the existence of these complex land rights and land titling systems across Latin America; b) study the content at the country level, so that international experiences/comparisons may spark a move towards policy coherence and legislation; and, c) demonstrate that land is not only a physical asset with some economic and financial value, but an intrinsic dimension, and part of peoples lives and belief systems. There is also a human rights dimension to all of the above. And it is essential to understand this human rights dimension of land rights, not just as a legal obligation, but as a key element of economic and social development.