Mechanisms of active suppression of the immune response to spermatozoa.
Mechanisms of active suppression of the immune response to spermatozoa.
复制标题
主动抑制精子免疫反应的机制。
DOI：
10.1111/j.1600-0897.1988.tb00204.x
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发表时间：
1988
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Witkin,SS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Witkin,SS
精子与全身免疫系统的物理隔离和主动免疫抑制机制抑制了男性精子自身抗体和女性精子同工抗体的产生。存在于睾丸网、附睾和输精管以及人类射精的上皮上皮中的淋巴样细胞主要是T抑制细胞/细胞毒性细胞。来自精液的单核细胞在体外抑制外周血淋巴细胞的激活。精液中或精子表面的可溶性特异性T抑制因子/细胞毒细胞激活因子可能是该T细胞亚群在男性生殖道中占主导地位的原因。性交后T抑制细胞/细胞毒性细胞的激活也可能限制女性对精子的免疫反应。精子也可以通过选择性诱导T抑制细胞或通过产生阻断抗体产生的活化补体成分来启动免疫抑制。女性血清中的抗精子抗体可能与她们的T抑制细胞/细胞毒性细胞被精液中的因素诱导的能力不足有关，也可能与她们丈夫的射精中出现的微生物、抗体或其他诱导T辅助淋巴细胞的因素有关。激活的T细胞产生γ干扰素，γ干扰素诱导巨噬细胞表达Ia抗原，并允许女性的T辅助细胞识别加工过的精子抗原。认识到细胞介导的免疫功能在男性和女性生殖道中的作用，为避孕药的开发确定了可能的新靶点。
The production of autoantibodies to spermatozoa in males and isoantibodies in females is inhibited both by the physical isolation of spermatozoa from the systemic immune system and by active immunosuppression mechanisms. Lymphoid cells present in the epithelial lining of the rete testis, epididymis, and vas deferens, as well as the human ejaculate, are predominantly T suppressor/cytotoxic cells. Mononuclear cells derived from semen inhibit the in vitro activation of peripheral blood lymphocytes. Soluble specific T suppressor/cytotoxic cell activators in semen or on the sperm surface may be responsible for the predominance of this T cell subset in the male reproductive tract. The activation of T suppressor/cytotoxic cells following coitus may also limit the immune response to spermatozoa in females. Spermatozoa can also initiate immunosuppression, either by selectively inducing T suppressor cells or through the generation of activated complement components that block antibody production. Antisperm antibodies in sera from females may be associated with either a deficiency in the ability of their T suppressor/cytotoxic cells to be induced by factors in semen or by the occurrence in their husbands' ejaculates of microorganisms, antibodies, or other factors that induce T helper lymphocytes. Activated T cells produce interferon gamma, which induces Ia antigen expression on macrophages and allows the female's T helper cells to recognize processed sperm antigens. Recognition of the role of cell‐mediated immune functions in the male and female genital tract identifies possible new target sites for the development of contraceptive agents.