THE RATS SIMULTANEOUS ANTICIPATION OF REMOTE EVENTS AND CURRENT EVENTS CAN BE SUSTAINED BY EVENT MEMORIES ALONE
THE RATS SIMULTANEOUS ANTICIPATION OF REMOTE EVENTS AND CURRENT EVENTS CAN BE SUSTAINED BY EVENT MEMORIES ALONE
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DOI：
10.3758/bf03209036
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发表时间：
1988-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
MILLER, DJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
CAPALDI, EJ;MILLER, DJ
按固定顺序接收事件后，a - b - c…例如，老鼠和人一样，在得到A的情况下，不仅可以预测当前的预期B，还可以预测遥远的预期C。在两个实验中，我们试图确定大鼠的远程预期是由项目线索（由A引起的C）还是由位置线索（由位置3直接引起的C，并推广到位置2）介导的。实验1：在一条跑道上，大鼠每天不规则地接受两组三次试验，XNY和ZNN。N为非强化；X、Y、Z表示三种不同质量的食物强化。实验2大鼠在XNY组比ZNN组跑得快，表现出远距预期。由于该系列是不定期呈现的，因此不能仅以位置为基础来解释试验2的表现。它可以在一个项目的基础上解释，假设试验1强化物的记忆不仅与试验2事件相关，而且与试验3事件也相关。因此，在试验2中，X的记忆信号是N和Y，而Z的记忆信号是N和N。实验2中，无论XNY和ZNN系列是按规则还是不规则顺序呈现，结果都是一样的。这些结果表明，远程期望可以通过项目关联介导。他们没有提供证据表明职位联想也能起到同样的作用，但他们不排除这种可能性。
After receiving events in a fixed order, A-B-C..., rats, like people, on being provided with A, may anticipate not only B, a current anticipation, but also C, a remote anticipation. In two experiments, we attempted to determine whether rats'' remote anticipations are mediated by item cues (C elicited by A) or by position cues (C directly elicited by Position 3 cues, which generalize to Position 2). In Experiment 1, rats in a runway received two series of three trials, XNY and ZNN each in irregular order each day. N signified nonreinforcement; X, Y, and Z signified three qualitatively different food reinforcements. The rats manifested a remote anticipation by running faster on Trial 2 in the XNY series than in the ZNN series. Since the series were presented irregularly, Trial 2 performance cannot be explained on a positional basis alone. It can be explained on an item basis, by assuming that the memory of the Trial 1 reinforcer became associated not only with the Trial 2 event, but with the Trial 3 event as well. Thus on Trial 2 the memory of X signaled N and Y, whereas the memory of Z signaled N and N. Experiment 2 produced the same results, regardless of whether the XNY and ZNN series were presented in regular or irregular order. These results indicate that remote anticipations can be mediated by item associations. They offer no evidence that position associations can do the same, but they do not rule out that possibility.