Immunology of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in vivo and in vitro
Immunology of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in vivo and in vitro
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.03.006
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发表时间：
2019-06-15
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Healy, Luke M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Antel, Jack P.;Lin, Yun Hsuan;Healy, Luke M.
中枢神经系统(CNS)髓鞘/少突胶质细胞损伤后的再髓鞘形成依赖于少突胶质前体细胞(OPC)迁移到病变部位，分化为髓鞘少突胶质细胞(OLs)，并包裹轴突。实验模型表明，中枢神经系统可以发生强大的OPC依赖的再髓鞘形成；相比之下，对人类疾病多发性硬化症(MS)病变的组织学和成像研究表明，这种反应的程度各不相同，在更慢性的MS病变中尤其有限。免疫介导的机制可以对OPC的存在和功能反应做出积极或消极的贡献。这篇综述涉及：1)OPC在成人脑中的分子特征和功能特性；2)OPC在MS病变中的地位(存在和功能)；3)实验模型和体外数据，强调适应性和先天免疫成分在OPC损伤和髓鞘再生中的作用；以及4)MS定向免疫治疗对OPC的影响，无论是直接还是间接通过对特定免疫成分的影响。
Remyelination following myelin/oligodendrocyte injury in the central nervous system (CNS) is dependent on oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) migrating into lesion sites, differentiating into myelinating oligodendrocytes (OLs), and ensheathing axons. Experimental models indicate that robust OPC-dependent remyelination can occur in the CNS; in contrast, histologic and imaging studies of lesions in the human disease multiple sclerosis (MS) indicate the variable extent of this response, which is particularly limited in more chronic MS lesions. Immune-mediated mechanisms can contribute either positively or negatively to the presence and functional responses of OPCs. This review addresses i) the molecular signature and functional properties of OPCs in the adult human brain; ii) the status (presence and function) of OPCs in MS lesions; iii) experimental models and in vitro data highlighting the contribution of adaptive and innate immune constituents to OPC injury and remyelination; and iv) effects of MS-directed immunotherapies on OPCs, either directly or indirectly via effects on specific immune constituents.