The histological study in sympetalous corolla development of pinwheel-type flowers of Saintpaulia.
The histological study in sympetalous corolla development of pinwheel-type flowers of Saintpaulia.
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风车型非洲堇菜花合瓣花冠发育的组织学研究。
DOI：
10.1016/j.scienta.2017.04.036
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hosokawa M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yang S;Ohno S;Deguchi A;Sato M;Goto M;Doi M;Ohnishi M;Tatsuzawa F;Hosokawa M
在这项研究中，我们利用风车表型品种揭示了圣保罗的花瓣是如何形成花冠的。花瓣上的条纹图案，在圣保罗被称为风车，是诱人的表型，被认为是倾周嵌合体的结果。为了从3个风车品种中筛选出真正的倾周嵌合品种，以叶片为外植体诱导不定芽。通过显微镜观察，所有品种的表皮均可观察到不定芽再生。来自‘Kaname’的所有再生枝都以单色粉色花开花，对应于该品种的L1表型。从其他两个品种来看，许多新梢不仅作为表型开花，而且作为内层的表型开花。此外，这三个品种的去表皮叶柄均能诱导出不定芽。‘Kaname’的所有枝条都以单色蓝色花开花，对应于L2表型。另一方面，‘基拉韦厄’的许多枝条不仅以单色花的形式开花，对应于L2表型，而且还以双色花的形式开花。‘无辜粉色’不会从去表皮的叶柄上产生新芽。这些结果表明‘Kaname’是一个真正的倾周嵌合体，而另外两个品种有其他的风轮表达机制。利用扩增类黄酮类化合物3‘，5’-羟基酶(F3ʹ5ʹH)全长的引物进行基因组聚合酶扩增，发现该基因在‘Kaname’L1粉色花中不起作用。从单色粉色植株和‘Kaname’花冠的粉红色部分中，未扩增出全长F3ʹ5ʹ。定量聚合酶链式反应也得到了类似的结果。最后，我们观察了花瓣的融合部分，发现花瓣的融合不是通过生殖器后融合而是通过“连接”发生的。在Saintpaulia中，这个过程包括花瓣发育过程中L1的斜面细胞分裂，花瓣边缘的活跃细胞分裂，与下一个花瓣的粘连，以及融合。这些步骤在圣保罗创造了一种条纹花朵的颜色。
In this study, we revealed how the petals ofSaintpauliafuse into a corolla by using pinwheel phenotype cultivars. Striped patterns in petal, called pinwheel inSaintpaulia, are attractive phenotypes and thought to be the result of periclinal chimerism. For the selection of a genuine periclinal chimeric cultivar from three pinwheel cultivars, adventitious shoots were induced from leaf lamina. Shoot regeneration was observed from the epidermis in all cultivars by microscopic observation. All regenerated shoots from ‘Kaname’ flowered as monochromatic pink flowers, corresponding to an L1 phenotype of the cultivar. From the other two cultivars, many shoots flowered not only as an epidermal phenotype but also as a phenotype of the inner layer. In addition, shoot regeneration was induced from epidermis-peeled petioles from these three cultivars. All shoots from ‘Kaname’ flowered as monochromatic blue flowers, corresponding to an L2 phenotype. On the other hand, many shoots from ‘Kilauea’ flowered not only as monochromatic flowers, corresponding to an L2 phenotype, but also as bi-colored flowers. ‘Innocent Pink’ did not produce shoots from epidermal-peeled petioles. These results suggested that ‘Kaname’ is a genuine periclinal chimera, while the other two cultivars have other mechanisms for pinwheel expression. Genomic PCR using primers that amplifies almost the full length offlavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylase(F3ʹ5ʹH) revealed the gene to be non-functional in pink flowers from L1 of ‘Kaname’. From monochromatic pink plants and pink portions of the corolla of ‘Kaname’, full-lengthF3ʹ5ʹHwas not amplified. Similar results were obtained by quantitative PCR. Finally, we observed the fused portion of the petals and revealed that the petal fusion did not occur by postgenital fusion but by “connection”. The process, inSaintpaulia, comprises periclinal cell division in L1 during petal development, active cell division at the edge of the petal, adhesion to the next petals, and fusion. These steps create a striped flower color inSaintpaulia.