Health physics concerns in commercial aviation.
Health physics concerns in commercial aviation.
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商业航空中的健康物理学问题。
DOI：
10.1097/00004032-199008000-00006
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发表时间：
1990
期刊：
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
R. Barish
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Barish
航空公司飞行员和空乘人员在职业上暴露于宇宙辐射。如何处理其独特情况的辐射防护要求一直存在不确定性。最近发表了与典型飞行路线和机组人员工作模式有关的计算剂量当量。结果表明，普通亚音速飞机上的乘务员和飞行员可以接受接近10 mSv y-1的年剂量。我认为，机组人员应该接受有关辐射暴露对健康风险的具体教育。我还认为，一个合适的剂量计系统，应提供船员的总剂量的信息。这对于怀孕的船员来说尤其重要，因为他们在怀孕期间工作某些路线可能会超过推荐的胎儿剂量限制。除了航空公司机组人员外，商务“飞行常客”在旅行时也可能受到严重的职业暴露。他们也需要适当的教育，以帮助他们评估这类接触的风险。最后，在一次大型太阳质子事件期间飞行将大大增加所接收的剂量。在这种事件期间，怀孕的机组人员或乘客的胎儿所受总剂量可能超过建议的每月最大值0.5 mSv。应改进针对这些特殊情况的宣传和行动计划。
Airline pilots and flight attendants are occupationally exposed to cosmic radiation. There has been uncertainty about how to handle the radiation protection requirements of their unique situation. Calculated dose equivalents associated with typical flight routes and crewmember work patterns have recently been published. The results show that flight attendants and pilots on ordinary subsonic aircraft can receive annual doses approaching 10 mSv y-1. I argue that flight crewmembers should receive specific education regarding the risks to their health from radiation exposure. I also argue that a suitable dosimeter system should be employed to provide crewmembers with information on their total doses. This is of particular importance for pregnant crewmembers who risk exceeding recommended fetal dose limits by working some routes during their pregnancy. In addition to airline crewmembers, business "frequent flyers" may receive significant occupational exposures while traveling. They too need appropriate education in order to assist them in assessing their risks from such exposures. Finally, flying during a large solar proton event would significantly increase the dose that would be received. During such an event, the total dose to the fetus of a pregnant crewmember or passenger might exceed the 0.5 mSv recommended monthly maximum. Warnings and action plans for these special circumstances should be improved.