Amino acids : chemistry, biology and medicine
Amino acids : chemistry, biology and medicine
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氨基酸：化学、生物学和医学
DOI：
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发表时间：
1990
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
G. Rosenthal
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Lubec;G. Rosenthal
难怪氨基酸的研究对来自如此多不同领域的科学家具有根本的兴趣。如果氨基酸只是酶的基本成分以及结构和其他蛋白质，单凭这一特性就能将它们提升到真正的科学重要性。然而，除了这一作用外，它们还具有作为生产多种次生代谢物的基础的能力。它们可以支持大量天然产物的生物合成，包括非蛋白质氨基酸、生氰苷、医药活性生物碱、某些酚、嘌呤和嘧啶、核酸、缩合单宁、木质素和其他代谢物。组成蛋白质的大约20种氨基酸(和亚氨基)是众所周知的；不太为人所知的是目前从植物、真菌或动物来源分离和鉴定的近600种非蛋白质氨基酸。对蛋白质氨基酸的研究已经证明，在增进我们对影响人类健康和福祉的各种生理和神经学主题的理解方面具有突出的价值。氨基酸被用来探测大脑中的抑制性和兴奋性传递受体。它们有助于我们了解癫痫、抗癫痫药物的开发、新型γ-氨基丁酸摄取抑制剂的生产以及急性和慢性神经退行性疾病。“
There is little wonder in the fact that the investigation of amino acids is of fundamental interest to scientists from so many diversified fields. If amino acids were only basic constituents of enzymes as well as structural and other proteins, this property alone would elevate them to real scientific importance. Added to this role, however, is their ability to serve as building blocks for the production of many classes of secondary metabolites. They can support the biosynthesis of a myriad of natural products including nonprotein amino acids, cyanogenic glycosides, phar macologically active alkaloids, certain phenols, purines and pyrimidines, nucleic acids, condensed tannins, lignins and other metabolites. The approximately twenty or so amino (and imino) acids that comprise proteins are well known; less familiar are what is now approaching 600 nonprotein amino acids that have been isolated and characterized from plant, fungal or animal sources. Investigations of the protein amino acids have proven of outstanding value in enhancing our understanding of a variety of physiological and neurological topics that affect human health and well being. Amino acids are used to probe inhibitory and excitatory transmission receptors in the brain. They contribute to our understanding of epilepsy, development of anti-epileptic drugs, production of novel y-arninobutyric acid uptake inhibitors, and acute and chronic neurodegenera tive disorders."