Symposium 1: Vitamins and cognitive development and performance Nutritional determinants of cognitive aging and dementia
Symposium 1: Vitamins and cognitive development and performance Nutritional determinants of cognitive aging and dementia
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DOI：
10.1017/s0029665111003296
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发表时间：
2012-02-01
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
Morris, Martha C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Morris, Martha C.
这篇综述的目的是提供一个概述的营养因素参与认知老化和痴呆症的重点营养素，也是重要的神经认知发展。有几种膳食成分是针对性的，包括抗氧化营养素、膳食脂肪和B族维生素。对每种营养素组的文献进行了严格的回顾，首先是基础生物学机制的实验室和动物研究，然后是前瞻性流行病学研究和随机临床试验。迄今为止的证据是相当强有力的保护协会的维生素E从食物来源，n-3脂肪酸，DHA，发现在鱼类，一个高比例的多不饱和饱和脂肪，维生素B-12和叶酸。注意营养摄入水平对于解释文献和研究之间的不一致性至关重要。大多数观察相关性的流行病学研究都有足够数量的营养状况不足和充足的个体。很少有随机临床试验是针对那些在随机接受维生素补充剂治疗之前基线状态较低的参与者设计的，这可能会导致负面结果。一些试验的事后分析揭示了维生素对低基线摄入量个体的影响。饮食和痴呆症是一个相对年轻的研究领域。需要做更多的工作来了解认知老化和疾病的饮食决定因素。此外，这些研究必须特别关注营养摄入水平或赋予最佳或次佳大脑功能的状态。
The objective of this review is to provide an overview of nutritional factors involved in cognitive aging and dementia with a focus on nutrients that are also important in neurocognitive development. Several dietary components were targeted, including antioxidant nutrients, dietary fats and B-vitamins. A critical review of the literature on each nutrient group is presented, beginning with laboratory and animal studies of the underlying biological mechanisms, followed by prospective epidemiological studies and randomised clinical trials. The evidence to date is fairly strong for protective associations of vitamin E from food sources, the n-3 fatty acid, DHA, found in fish, a high ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fats, and vitamin B-12 and folate. Attention to the level of nutrient intake is crucial for interpreting the literature and the inconsistencies across studies. Most of the epidemiological studies that observe associations have sufficient numbers of individuals who have both low and adequate nutrient status. Few of the randomised clinical trials are designed to target participants who have low baseline status before randomising to vitamin supplement treatments, and this may have resulted in negative findings. Post-hoc analyses by some of the trials reveal vitamin effects in individuals with low baseline intakes. The field of diet and dementia is a relatively young area of study. Much further work needs to be done to understand dietary determinants of cognitive aging and diseases. Further, these studies must be particularly focused on the levels of nutrient intake or status that confer optimum or suboptimal brain functioning.