A techno-economic analysis and optimization of Li-ion batteries for light-duty passenger vehicle electrification
A techno-economic analysis and optimization of Li-ion batteries for light-duty passenger vehicle electrification
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.09.078
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Apurba Sakti;Jeremy J. Michalek;E. Fuchs;J. Whitacre
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Apurba Sakti;Jeremy J. Michalek;E. Fuchs;J. Whitacre
我们对用于电动汽车的锂离子NMC-G棱柱式袋式电池和组件设计进行了技术经济分析。我们开发动力能力和制造运营模型，以确定满足各种插电式混合动力汽车(PHEV)和电池电动汽车(BEV)要求的最低成本电池和组件设计。我们发现，电池制造的规模经济在每年∼2-3亿千瓦时的生产量下迅速达到。销量的增加对降低单位成本几乎无济于事，除非可能通过经验、学习和创新等因素间接降低单位成本。我们还发现，能源需求较大的车辆应用能够使用更便宜的电池，部分原因是使用了较厚的电极。这对成本的影响可能是巨大的。在我们的基本情况下，我们估计10英里(16公里)全电动续航里程(PHEV10)的混合动力汽车(PHEV10)的背包级电池生产成本为∼$545-kWh−1，而拥有200英里(320英里)全电动续航里程(BEV200)的Bev的∼$230-kWh−1。这一58%的降幅，从545kWh−1降至230kWh−1，比我们的乐观和悲观情景所代表的不确定性更大。由于制造和耐用性方面的考虑，厚于约100或125微米的电极目前并未在实践中使用，但放松这一限制可能会进一步降低更大容量BEV200电池的成本，最高可额外降低8%。
We conduct a techno-economic analysis of Li-ion NMC-G prismatic pouch battery and pack designs for electric vehicle applications. We develop models of power capability and manufacturing operations to identify the minimum cost cell and pack designs for a variety of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) and battery electric vehicle (BEV) requirements. We find that economies of scale in battery manufacturing are reached quickly at a production volume of ∼200–300 MWh annually. Increased volume does little to reduce unit costs, except potentially indirectly through factors such as experience, learning, and innovation. We also find that vehicle applications with larger energy requirements are able to utilize cheaper cells due in part to the use of thicker electrodes. The effect on cost can be substantial. In our base case, we estimate pack-level battery production costs of ∼$545 kWh−1for a PHEV with a 10 mile (16 km) all-electric range (PHEV10) and ∼$230 kWh−1for a BEV with a 200 mile (320 km) all-electric range (BEV200). This 58% reduction, from $545 kWh−1to $230 kWh−1, is a larger effect than the uncertainty represented by our optimistic and pessimistic scenarios. Electrodes thicker than about 100 or 125 microns are not currently used in practice due to manufacturing and durability concerns, but relaxing this constraint could further lower the cost of larger capacity BEV200packs by up to an additional 8%.