Improving the safety of aging road users: a mini-review.

Improving the safety of aging road users: a mini-review.
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DOI:
10.1159/000354212
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发表时间:
2014
期刊:
影响因子:
3.5
通讯作者:
Charness N
Charness N
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Boot WR;Stothart C;Charness N

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老年司机因车祸受伤或死亡的风险最大。在这篇简短的综述中,我们概述了与年龄相关的知觉、认知和运动能力的规范性变化,这些变化导致碰撞风险增加和驾驶舒适度下降,并强调了对老年道路使用者特别具有挑战性的特定驾驶场景和条件。采用一个人与环境相适应的框架,我们讨论了如何修改道路环境,以更好地匹配老化的驾驶员的能力。我们还审查了旨在改变老化驾驶员的能力和策略以更好地满足驾驶环境需求的培训干预措施的有效性的证据。有证据表明,对道路和驾驶员培训策略的具体改变可以使老年驾驶员的能力恢复到与驾驶任务要求一致的状态。在今后几十年里,随着老龄化道路使用者的数量大大增加,注重这两种方法将有助于确保所有道路使用者的安全。
Older drivers are at greatest risk for injury or death as a result of a car crash. In this mini-review we outline the normative age-related changes to perceptual, cognitive, and motor abilities that contribute to increased crash risk and decreased comfort with driving, and highlight specific driving scenarios and conditions that are particularly challenging for aging road users. Adopting a person-environment fit framework, we discuss how the roadway environment can be modified to better match the abilities of the aging driver. We also review evidence for the efficacy of training interventions intent on changing the abilities and strategies of the aging driver to better match the demands of the driving environment. Evidence suggests that specific changes to the roadway and driver training strategies can bring the abilities of the older driver back into alignment with the demands of the driving task. A focus on both approaches will help ensure the safety of all road users as the number of aging road users greatly increases over the next few decades.
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