Measurement of flame retardants and triclosan in municipal sewage sludge and biosolids
Measurement of flame retardants and triclosan in municipal sewage sludge and biosolids
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envint.2011.11.008
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发表时间：
2012-04-01
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
Stapleton, Heather M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Davis, Elizabeth F.;Klosterhaus, Susan L.;Stapleton, Heather M.
随着多溴联苯醚（PBDE）在世界范围内面临越来越多的限制，预计几种替代阻燃剂将作为消费品中的替代化合物得到越来越多的使用。对从污水处理厂（WWTP）收集的生物固体进行化学分析可以帮助确定这些阻燃剂是否从室内环境迁移到室外环境，而室外环境对它们的最终命运和影响知之甚少。本研究的目的是测量浓度的一套阻燃剂，抗菌化合物三氯生，在城市生物固体和国内污泥标准参考材料（SRM）2781的机会样本。从北卡罗来纳州的两个污水处理厂和加州的两个污水处理厂收集了生物固体的抓斗样品。在随后的三次收集活动中，在北卡罗来纳州的污水处理厂之一，也获得了生物固体样品，以评估在一个给定的设施内的污染物水平的波动超过三年的时间。对生物固体和SRM 2781进行了多溴联苯醚、六溴代苯、1，2-二溴二苯醚、（2，4，6-tribromobenzoyl）ethane（BTBPE），2-ethylhexyl 2，3，4，5-tetrabromobenzoate（TBB），di（2-乙基己基）-2，3，4，5-四溴邻苯二甲酸酯（TBPH），氯化阻燃剂Dechlorane Plus（顺式和反式异构体）和抗微生物剂5-氯-2-（2，4-二氯苯氧基）苯酚（三氯生）。在分析的每一个样本中都检测到多溴二苯醚，Sigma公司的多溴二苯醚浓度范围为1，750至6，358纳克/克干重。此外，检测到的多溴二苯醚替代化学品TBB和TBPH的浓度分别为120至3749纳克/克干重和206至1631纳克/克干重。三氯生浓度范围为490至13，866纳克/克干重。在生物固体中检测到这些新出现的污染物表明，这些化学品有可能从消费品中迁移出来，进入户外环境。(C)2011爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
As polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) face increasing restrictions worldwide, several alternate flame retardants are expected to see increased use as replacement compounds in consumer products. Chemical analysis of biosolids collected from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) can help determine whether these flame retardants are migrating from the indoor environment to the outdoor environment, where little is known about their ultimate fate and effects. The objective of this study was to measure concentrations of a suite of flame retardants, and the antimicrobial compound triclosan, in opportunistic samples of municipal biosolids and the domestic sludge Standard Reference Material (SRM) 2781. Grab samples of biosolids were collected from two WWTPs in North Carolina and two in California. Biosolids samples were also obtained during three subsequent collection events at one of the North Carolina WWTPs to evaluate fluctuations in contaminant levels within a given facility over a period of three years. The biosolids and SRM 2781 were analyzed for PBDEs, hexabromobenzene (HBB), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE), 2-ethylhexyl 2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (TBB), di(2-ethylhexyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrabromophthalate (TBPH), the chlorinated flame retardant Dechlorane Plus (syn- and anti-isomers), and the antimicrobial agent 5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol (triclosan). PBDEs were detected in every sample analyzed, and Sigma PBDE concentrations ranged from 1750 to 6358 ng/g dry weight. Additionally, the PBDE replacement chemicals TBB and TBPH were detected at concentrations ranging from 120 to 3749 ng/g dry weight and from 206 to 1631 ng/g dry weight, respectively. Triclosan concentrations ranged from 490 to 13,866 ng/g dry weight. The detection of these contaminants of emerging concern in biosolids suggests that these chemicals have the potential to migrate out of consumer products and enter the outdoor environment. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.