Improved disability population estimates of functional limitation among American children aged 5-17.
Improved disability population estimates of functional limitation among American children aged 5-17.
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DOI：
10.1023/a:1022354126797
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发表时间：
1997-12-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Avery, R C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hogan, D P;Msall, M E;Avery, R C
目标：本文 (a) 创建并验证了人口调查数据的衡量标准，以评估美国学龄儿童在行动能力、自我照顾、沟通和学习能力方面的功能限制； (b) 使用这些措施计算功能受限率，并提供受限儿童人数的总体估计； (c) 将这些局限性作为社会经济因素的函数进行检验。 方法：该研究基于 1994 年全国残疾健康访谈调查中收集的 5-17 岁儿童的数据。序数值被分配给四个功能领域的调查项目并进行分析以产生高可靠性的量表。这些措施用于在 95% 的置信区间内确定存在这些限制的儿童数量。有序逻辑回归模型衡量功能限制对残疾和社会限制的影响。社会经济差异是通过预测严重程度和合并症的有序逻辑回归模型来衡量的。结果：学习能力（10.6%）和沟通（5.5%）的限制是最常见的，流动性（1.3%）和自我护理（0.9%）的情况较少发生。 6% 的儿童有一种严重的功能限制，2.0% 的儿童有两种或多种严重的功能限制。这相当于 400 万患有严重功能障碍的美国学龄儿童。功能限制与社会经济劣势和居住在单亲母亲家庭密切相关。结论：未来的人口研究应该针对功能限制的四个不同领域使用多项目量表，并在总结中考虑严重性和合并症。本文对患有功能限制的学龄儿童数量的改进估计可能有助于对美国学龄儿童的功能限制和残疾进行更明智的科学和政策讨论。未来对儿童残疾过程的研究必须考虑社会经济劣势和家庭结构的作用。
OBJECTIVES: This paper (a) creates and validates measures for population survey data to assess functional limitation in mobility, self-care, communication, and learning ability for school-age American children; (b) calculates rates of functional limitation using these measures, and provides population estimates of the number of children with limitations; and (c) examines these limitations as a function of socioeconomic factors.METHOD: The study is based on data for children aged 5-17 collected in the 1994 National Health Interview Survey on Disability. Ordinal values are assigned to survey items in the four functional areas and analyzed to produce scales of high reliability. These measures are used to identify within a 95% confidence interval the number of children with these limitations. Ordered logistic regression models measure the effects of functional limitations on disability and societal limitation. Socioeconomic differences are measured with an ordered logistic regression model that predicts severity and comorbidity.RESULTS: Limitations in learning ability (10.6%) and communication (5.5%) are the most common, with mobility (1.3%) and self-care (0.9%) occurring less often. Six percent of children have one serious functional limitation and 2.0% have two or more serious functional limitations. This corresponds to 4.0 million school-age American children with serious functional limitations. Functional limitation is strongly linked to socioeconomic disadvantage and to residence in single-mother households.CONCLUSIONS: Future population research should use multiple-item scales for four distinct areas of functional limitation, and a summary that takes into account both severity and comorbidity. The improved estimates of the number of school-age children with functional limitation in this paper may help contribute to a more informed scientific and policy discussion of functional limitation and disability among American school-age children. Future research on the disability process among children must consider the role of socioeconomic disadvantage and family structure.