Roles of Proteoglycans and Glycosaminoglycans in Wound Healing and Fibrosis.
Roles of Proteoglycans and Glycosaminoglycans in Wound Healing and Fibrosis.
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DOI：
10.1155/2015/834893
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Misra S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ghatak S;Maytin EV;Mack JA;Hascall VC;Atanelishvili I;Moreno Rodriguez R;Markwald RR;Misra S
伤口是一种损害活体组织的伤害。在这篇综述中，我们将主要涉及包括皮肤和肺在内的器官的愈合反应。纤维化是细胞外基质（ECM）产生失调的过程，导致结缔组织间室（真皮）致密和功能异常。在皮肤等组织中，损伤后真皮层的修复不仅需要产生ECM分子的成纤维细胞，还需要覆盖的上皮细胞（角质形成细胞）、内皮细胞、血管平滑肌细胞和白细胞（如中性粒细胞和巨噬细胞），它们共同协调细胞因子介导的信号传导和旁分泌相互作用，这些相互作用是调节修复过程的适当程度和时间所必需的。本文将重点介绍细胞外分子在微环境中的重要性，主要是蛋白聚糖和糖胺聚糖透明质酸，以及它们在伤口愈合中的作用。首先，我们将简要总结伤口愈合的生理、细胞和生化因素，包括细胞类型之间细胞因子串扰的重要性。其次，我们将讨论蛋白聚糖和透明质酸在调节这些过程中的作用。最后，讨论了利用这些概念作为纤维化潜在治疗方法的方法。
A wound is a type of injury that damages living tissues. In this review, we will be referring mainly to healing responses in the organs including skin and the lungs. Fibrosis is a process of dysregulated extracellular matrix (ECM) production that leads to a dense and functionally abnormal connective tissue compartment (dermis). In tissues such as the skin, the repair of the dermis after wounding requires not only the fibroblasts that produce the ECM molecules, but also the overlying epithelial layer (keratinocytes), the endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells of the blood vessel and white blood cells such as neutrophils and macrophages, which together orchestrate the cytokine-mediated signaling and paracrine interactions that are required to regulate the proper extent and timing of the repair process. This review will focus on the importance of extracellular molecules in the microenvironment, primarily the proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan, and their roles in wound healing. First, we will briefly summarize the physiological, cellular, and biochemical elements of wound healing, including the importance of cytokine cross-talk between cell types. Second, we will discuss the role of proteoglycans and hyaluronan in regulating these processes. Finally, approaches that utilize these concepts as potential therapies for fibrosis are discussed.