Behavioral, Cognitive, and Motor Preparation Deficits in a Visual Cued Spatial Attention Task in Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Behavioral, Cognitive, and Motor Preparation Deficits in a Visual Cued Spatial Attention Task in Autism Spectrum Disorder.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s10484-015-9313-x
复制
发表时间：
2016-03
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Casanova MF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sokhadze EM;Tasman A;Sokhadze GE;El-Baz AS;Casanova MF
运动技能的缺失被认为是自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的特征之一。据估计，80%的自闭症患者表现出“运动障碍”或笨拙，这在常规神经系统检查中不容易识别。在这项研究中，我们使用行为测量，事件相关电位（ERP），和偏侧准备电位（LRP）研究认知和运动准备缺陷有助于自闭症的运动障碍。使用修改后的波斯纳提示任务来分析自闭症儿童和正常发育儿童的运动准备异常（N=30/组）。在这项任务中，受试者根据视觉提示准备运动反应，然后根据随后的命令性刺激执行运动动作。实验条件，如线索的有效性和目标刺激的空间位置被操纵，以影响运动反应的选择，准备和执行。两组的反应时和准确性均受益于有效线索目标，而目标空间位置的主效应在自闭症组中更明显。主要的ERP结果是延长和更负的早期额叶电位在ASD在不一致的试验中，在这两种类型的空间位置。LRP振幅在不一致试验中更大，在ASD儿童中具有更强的作用。这些影响更好地表达在LRP的早期阶段，特别是那些与响应选择，并表现出困难的刺激处理的认知阶段，而不是在电机执行阶段。在不同阶段的LRP措施反映了运动准备的认知方面的时序，是敏感的操纵线索的正确性，因此代表了非常有用的生物标志物在自闭症运动障碍的研究。未来的研究可能会使用更先进和多样化的操作运动准备的需求，在测试更精细的运动障碍症状的细节，调查功能连接异常的运动技能缺陷的自闭症。
Abnormalities in motor skills have been regarded as part of the symptomatology characterizing autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It has been estimated that 80% of subjects with autism display “motor dyspraxia” or clumsiness that are not readily identified in a routine neurological examination. In this study we used behavioral measures, event-related potentials (ERP), and lateralized readiness potential (LRP) to study cognitive and motor preparation deficits contributing to the dyspraxia of autism. A modified Posner cueing task was used to analyze motor preparation abnormalities in children with autism and in typically developing children (N=30/per group). In this task, subjects engage in preparing motor response based on a visual cue, and then execute a motor movement based on the subsequent imperative stimulus. The experimental conditions, such as the validity of the cue and the spatial location of the target stimuli were manipulated to influence motor response selection, preparation, and execution. Reaction time and accuracy benefited from validly cued targets in both groups, while main effects of target spatial position were more obvious in the autism group. The main ERP findings were prolonged and more negative early frontal potentials in the ASD in incongruent trials in both types of spatial location. The LRP amplitude was larger in incongruent trials and had stronger effect in the children with ASD. These effects were better expressed at the earlier stages of LRP, specifically those related to response selection, and showed difficulties at the cognitive phase of stimulus processing rather that at the motor execution stage. The LRP measures at different stages reflect the chronology of cognitive aspects of movement preparation and are sensitive to manipulations of cue correctness, thus representing very useful biomarker in autism dyspraxia research. Future studies may use more advance and diverse manipulations of movement preparation demands in testing more refined specifics of dyspraxia symptoms to investigate functional connectivity abnormalities underlying motor skills deficits in autism.