Biofilm formation in Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough is dependent upon protein filaments
Biofilm formation in Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough is dependent upon protein filaments
复制标题
脱硫弧菌希尔顿伯勒的生物膜形成依赖于蛋白质丝
DOI：
10.1111/j.1462-2920.2007.01398.x
复制
发表时间：
2007-11-01
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Fields, Matthew W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Clark, Melinda E.;Edelmann, Richard E.;Fields, Matthew W.
普通Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough是一种革兰氏阴性硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）， SRB的生理功能可以影响许多厌氧环境，包括放射性核素废物场、油藏和金属管道。为了了解D. vulgaris是一个可以附着在表面上的种群，我们在一个确定的培养基中培养了D. vulgaris，并分析了碳水化合物的产生、运动性和生物膜的形成。普通Desulfovibrio vulgaris野生型细胞的碳水化合物含量在稳定期增加，大约一半的碳水化合物留在体内。相比之下，缺乏200 kb巨质粒的突变株Delta MP产生的碳水化合物较少，大部分碳水化合物仍留在细胞内。为了评估碳水化合物重新分配的可能性，研究了生物膜的形成。与Delta MP相比，野生型细胞在玻璃载玻片上产生的生物膜大约多三倍；然而，野生型生物膜不含显著水平的外多糖。此外，细胞外碳水化合物特异性染色未显示生物膜内的多糖物质。扫描电镜（SEM）观察到，普通脱硫弧菌野生型生物膜具有较长的细丝，缺乏生物膜的Delta MP菌株也缺乏运动性。通过透射电子显微镜（TEM）观察，直接生长在氧化硅栅格上的生物膜不含显著水平的胞外多糖基质，用钼酸铵染色的样品也显示出类似鞭毛的长丝状结构。经蛋白酶处理的生物膜被降解，接种时添加不同的蛋白酶抑制生物膜的形成。结果表明，紫毛霉不产生广泛的胞外多糖基质，利用蛋白丝在细胞与氧化硅表面之间形成生物膜，且这些蛋白丝表现为鞭毛。很可能d.p ulgaris使用鞭毛不仅仅是一种移动到表面的手段，而且还使用鞭毛或修饰的鞭毛来建立和/或维持生物膜结构。
Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough is a Gram-negative sulfate-reducing bacterium (SRB), and the physiology of SRBs can impact many anaerobic environments including radionuclide waste sites, oil reservoirs and metal pipelines. In an attempt to understand D. vulgaris as a population that can adhere to surfaces, D. vulgaris cultures were grown in a defined medium and analysed for carbohydrate production, motility and biofilm formation. Desulfovibrio vulgaris wild-type cells had increasing amounts of carbohydrate into stationary phase and approximately half of the carbohydrate remained internal. In comparison, a mutant that lacked the 200 kb megaplasmid, strain Delta MP, produced less carbohydrate and the majority of carbohydrate remained internal of the cell proper. To assess the possibility of carbohydrate re-allocation, biofilm formation was investigated. Wild-type cells produced approximately threefold more biofilm on glass slides compared with Delta MP; however, wild-type biofilm did not contain significant levels of exopolysaccharide. In addition, stains specific for extracellular carbohydrate did not reveal polysaccharide material within the biofilm. Desulfovibrio vulgaris wild-type biofilms contained long filaments as observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the biofilm-deficient Delta MP strain was also deficient in motility. Biofilms grown directly on silica oxide transmission electron microscopy (TEM) grids did not contain significant levels of an exopolysaccharide matrix when viewed with TEM and SEM, and samples stained with ammonium molybdate also showed long filaments that resembled flagella. Biofilms subjected to protease treatments were degraded, and different proteases that were added at the time of inoculation inhibited biofilm formation. The data indicated that D. vulgaris did not produce an extensive exopolysaccharide matrix, used protein filaments to form biofilm between cells and silica oxide surfaces, and the filaments appeared to be flagella. It is likely that D. vulgaris used flagella for more than a means of locomotion to a surface, but also used flagella, or modified flagella, to establish and/or maintain biofilm structure.