THE PHYLOGENY OF PROKARYOTES
THE PHYLOGENY OF PROKARYOTES
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DOI：
10.1126/science.6771870
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发表时间：
1980-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
WOESE, CR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
FOX, GE;STACKEBRANDT, E;WOESE, CR
第一次，一个单一的实验方法，16S rRNA序列表征，用于开发细菌世界的系统发育关系的概述。这项技术可以追溯到所有现存生命的共同祖先。这是细菌繁殖的第一次一瞥，揭示了一个世界，其根源似乎跨越了30多亿年。细菌之间存在着深刻的系统发育分裂，这使得它们必须分为两个主要的血统，古细菌和真细菌（或真细菌）。大多数古老的细菌表型是厌氧的，好氧表型已经出现了几次。光合作用的表型也非常古老。许多非光合作用的类群似乎起源于光合作用的祖先，这就有理由质疑人们普遍认为的第一代细菌是厌氧异养生物的观点。细菌进化的两个最终谱系彼此之间的关系并不比它们与真核细胞的细胞质方面的关系更密切。然而，由于真核细胞是一种系统发育嵌合体，因此不能将其视为可与2个细菌系相比较的血统，尽管其某些个别部分可以如此看待。这样，叶绿体和可能的核糖体都是真细菌，至少有一种核糖体蛋白是古细菌。第三个既不是真细菌也不是古细菌的血统在18S核糖体RNA中表现出来。
For the 1st time a single experimental approach, 16S rRNA sequence characterization, was used to develop an overview of phylogenetic relationships in the bacterial world. The technique permits the tracing of relationships back to the common ancestor of all extant life. This 1st glimpse of bacterial phylogeny reveals a world whose roots appear to span more than 3 billion years. A deep phylogenetic split exists among the bacteria, which necessitates their division into 2 major lines of descent, the archaebacteria and the true bacteria (or eubacteria). Most ancient bacterial phenotypes are anaerobic and aerobic phenotypes have arisen several times. Photosynthetic phenotypes are also extremely ancient. Many nonphotosynthetic groups appear to have arisen from photosynthetic ancestry, which is reason to question the generally held belief that the 1st bacteria were anaerobic heterotrophs. The 2 ultimate lines of bacterial descent are no more closely related to each other than either is to the cytoplasmic aspect of the eukaryotic cell. However, in that the eukaryotic cells is a phylogenetic chimera, it cannot be seen as line of descent comparable to the 2 bacterial lines.sbd.although some of its individual parts can be so viewed. In this way, the chloroplast and perhaps the mitochondrion are each eubacterial, and at least 1 ribosomal protein is archaebacterial. A 3rd line of descent that is neither eubacterial nor archaebacterial is represented in the 18S ribosomal RNA.