Parallel Evolution of Copy-Number Variation across Continents in Drosophila melanogaster.
Parallel Evolution of Copy-Number Variation across Continents in Drosophila melanogaster.
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DOI：
10.1093/molbev/msw014
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发表时间：
2016-01
影响因子：
10.7
通讯作者：
Daniel R. Schrider;Matthew W. Hahn;D. Begun
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Daniel R. Schrider;Matthew W. Hahn;D. Begun
在基因流存在的情况下维持的种群间遗传分化是空间变化选择的标志。在黑腹果蝇中，澳大利亚和北美东海岸的纬度梯度似乎是这种类型选择的例子，最近的研究表明，黑腹果蝇基因组的很大一部分表现出相对于这两个大陆的纬度的等位基因频率差异。迄今为止，尚未对这些地理区域中的差异拷贝数变异（CNV）进行全基因组检查，尽管它们对果蝇和其他类群的表型变异具有潜在的重要性。在这里，我们对黑腹果蝇 CNV 的地理变异进行了分析。我们还首次对姐妹物种 D. simulans 中的拷贝数变异进行了地理变异的基因组分析，以研究这些近亲的平行进化模式。在黑腹果蝇中，我们发现了数百个 CNV，其中许多显示出两大洲地理变异的平行模式，这支持了它们受到空间变化选择影响的观点。这些发现支持这样的观点，即多态性 CNV 有助于黑腹果蝇的局部适应。相比之下，我们在模拟果蝇中发现很少有 CNV 在两个大陆上同时进行地理分化，这与早期的研究结果一致，表明该物种的临床模式较弱。
Genetic differentiation across populations that is maintained in the presence of gene flow is a hallmark of spatially varying selection. In Drosophila melanogaster, the latitudinal clines across the eastern coasts of Australia and North America appear to be examples of this type of selection, with recent studies showing that a substantial portion of the D. melanogaster genome exhibits allele frequency differentiation with respect to latitude on both continents. As of yet there has been no genome-wide examination of differentiated copy-number variants (CNVs) in these geographic regions, despite their potential importance for phenotypic variation in Drosophila and other taxa. Here, we present an analysis of geographic variation in CNVs in D. melanogaster. We also present the first genomic analysis of geographic variation for copy-number variation in the sister species, D. simulans, in order to investigate patterns of parallel evolution in these close relatives. In D. melanogaster we find hundreds of CNVs, many of which show parallel patterns of geographic variation on both continents, lending support to the idea that they are influenced by spatially varying selection. These findings support the idea that polymorphic CNVs contribute to local adaptation in D. melanogaster In contrast, we find very few CNVs in D. simulans that are geographically differentiated in parallel on both continents, consistent with earlier work suggesting that clinal patterns are weaker in this species.