Cellular properties of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells during postnatal development
Cellular properties of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells during postnatal development
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DOI：
10.1186/s13064-019-0132-2
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发表时间：
2019-08-30
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Schmidt, Tiffany M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lucas, Jasmine A.;Schmidt, Tiffany M.
表达黑视素的内在光敏视网膜神经节细胞（ipRGC）直接对光反应，并已被证明在成年动物中介导各种各样的视觉行为。ipRGC也是发育中的视网膜中的第一光敏细胞，并且已经涉及许多视网膜发育过程，例如视网膜脉管系统的修剪和离视网膜投射的细化。然而，目前对六种ipRGC亚型在发育过程中的特性以及这些细胞如何影响视网膜发育知之甚少。因此，我们试图在离散的出生后发育时间点表征最丰富的ipRGC亚型M1、M2和M4的结构、生理学和出生日期。方法采用全细胞膜片钳技术，观察出生后不同发育阶段ipRGC亚型的电生理和形态学特性。我们还使用EdU标记来确定ipRGC亚型终末分化的胚胎时间点。结果我们的数据显示ipRGC亚型在出生后发育的早期就可以相互区分。此外，我们发现，虽然ipRGC亚型在相似的胚胎阶段最终分化，但这些亚型在不同的发育时间点达到成人样的形态和生理学。结论这项工作提供了一个广泛的评估ipRGC的形态和生理特性在出生后的阶段，他们是最有影响力的调节视网膜发育，并奠定了基础，进一步了解的具体作用，每个ipRGC亚型影响视网膜和视觉系统的发展。
Background Melanopsin-expressing, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) respond directly to light and have been shown to mediate a broad variety of visual behaviors in adult animals. ipRGCs are also the first light sensitive cells in the developing retina, and have been implicated in a number of retinal developmental processes such as pruning of retinal vasculature and refinement of retinofugal projections. However, little is currently known about the properties of the six ipRGC subtypes during development, and how these cells act to influence retinal development. We therefore sought to characterize the structure, physiology, and birthdate of the most abundant ipRGC subtypes, M1, M2, and M4, at discrete postnatal developmental timepoints. Methods We utilized whole cell patch clamp to measure the electrophysiological and morphological properties of ipRGC subtypes through postnatal development. We also used EdU labeling to determine the embryonic timepoints at which ipRGC subtypes terminally differentiate. Results Our data show that ipRGC subtypes are distinguishable from each other early in postnatal development. Additionally, we find that while ipRGC subtypes terminally differentiate at similar embryonic stages, the subtypes reach adult-like morphology and physiology at different developmental timepoints. Conclusions This work provides a broad assessment of ipRGC morphological and physiological properties during the postnatal stages at which they are most influential in modulating retinal development, and lays the groundwork for further understanding of the specific role of each ipRGC subtype in influencing retinal and visual system development.