Building Rural Roads
Building Rural Roads
复制标题
建设农村公路
DOI：
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
B. Johannessen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Johannessen
农村公路是运输网络的最后一环，但就为农村人口提供通道而言，它们往往是最重要的连接。在向农村社区提供教育、初级保健、供水、当地市场以及经济机会等基本服务方面，长期或季节性无法使用道路是一个制约因素。如果没有高质量和维护良好的农村公路网，就很难持续提供这种服务和机会，因为农村公路网全年都提供定期和高效的运输通道。建设高质量的农村公路本身就是一项特殊的技能，需要适当的规划、经验丰富的监管、良好的工艺和选择正确的技术和工作方法。它们的设计和建造需要满足常见的车辆负载类型，并允许全年和各种天气条件下的通道。由于农村公路的规模和广泛分布，公路机构面临压力，需要找到低成本的解决方案，使当局能够建设和维护广泛的公路网。本手册试图介绍一套技术解决方案和工程方法，这些技术解决方案和工程方法在一些国家普遍应用，在这些国家，修建农村公路时认真考虑使用当地资源。它的成功，在强调使用当地可用的资源方面，如劳动力、工具和轻型设备，再加上良好的工艺和高质量标准，使这项技术得到了应有的认可。根据非洲、亚洲和太平洋农村公路建设方案的最佳做法，报告描述了一套在成本和质量方面都被证明是有效的工作方法和程序。
Rural roads are the last link of the transport network, however, they often form the most important connection in terms of providing access for the rural population. The permanent or seasonal absence of road access is a constraining factor in terms of providing rural communities with essential services such as education, primary health care, water supply, local markets as well as economic opportunities. The availability of such services and opportunities are difficult to sustain without a good quality and well-maintained rural road network, which provides regular and efficient transport access throughout the year. Building good quality rural roads is a particular skill in itself, requiring proper planning, experienced supervision, good workmanship and the selection of the correct technology and work methods. Their design and construction need to cater for the common type of vehicle loads and allow access throughout the year and in all kinds of weather conditions. Due to the size and extensive distribution of rural roads, road agencies are under pressure to find low cost solutions that allow authorities to build and maintain an extensive network of roads. This manual attempts to present a set of technical solutions and works methods commonly applied in a number of countries where the use of local resources is given serious consideration when building rural roads. Its success, in terms of emphasising the use of locally available resources such as labour, tools and light equipment, combined with good workmanship and high quality standards, has given this technology its due recognition. Based on best practices from rural road-building programmes in Africa, Asia and the Pacific, it describes a set of work methods and procedures proven to be effective both in terms of cost and quality.