The scale of the whale: using video-tag data to evaluate sea-surface ice concentration from the perspective of individual Antarctic minke whales
The scale of the whale: using video-tag data to evaluate sea-surface ice concentration from the perspective of individual Antarctic minke whales
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DOI：
10.1186/s40317-020-00218-8
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发表时间：
2020-10-12
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Friedlaender, Ari S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Linsky, Jacob M. J.;Wilson, Nicole;Friedlaender, Ari S.
背景资料：生物记录技术的进步使研究人员能够获得以前无法观察到的海洋动物的行为状态和运动模式。为了将行为与环境变量联系起来，必须在与动物或行为相关的尺度上评估特征。通过卫星收集的遥感环境数据往往受到云层覆盖的影响，缺乏空间或时间分辨率，无法与个别动物的行为或行为发作充分联系起来。这项研究建立了一种新的方法，用于远程和连续量化表面冰浓度（SIC）在一个规模相关的个别鲸鱼使用动物标签的视频data.Results：运动传感和视频记录吸盘标签部署在7南极小须鲸（Balaenoptera bonaerensis）在南极半岛周围的2018年2月和3月。为了比较相机标签观测与卫星图像的尺度，使用相机标签参数来模拟视野区域。对于预期的条件，我们发现最大可见光区域近似于100米（2），这表明观测的尺度相当于或优于高分辨率可见光谱卫星图像的单个像素。两名独立观察员将SIC分为六个箱（0%，1- 20%，21- 40%，41- 60%，61- 80%，81-100%）中的一个，用于潜水之间的初始和最终浮出水面。如果出现分歧，则引入第三名独立观察员，并使用三名观察员数值的中位数。初步结果（n=6）表明，南极小须鲸在南极半岛的沿海海湾花费52%的时间在开放水域，只有15%的时间在水中SIC大于20%。随着时间的推移，我们发现观察到的SIC显着变化，表明南极小须鲸占据了一个非常动态的环境。哨兵-2卫星为基础的方法海冰评估是不可能的，因为持续的云层覆盖在研究period.Conclusion：标签视频提供了一种手段，以评估冰浓度在空间和时间尺度相关的个人。结合水下行为信息，我们在动物规模上连续量化SIC的能力将改进当前的遥感方法，以了解动物行为与这些动态环境变量之间的联系。
Background: Advances in biologging technology allow researchers access to previously unobservable behavioral states and movement patterns of marine animals. To relate behaviors with environmental variables, features must be evaluated at scales relevant to the animal or behavior. Remotely sensed environmental data, collected via satellites, often suffers from the effects of cloud cover and lacks the spatial or temporal resolution to adequately link with individual animal behaviors or behavioral bouts. This study establishes a new method for remotely and continuously quantifying surface ice concentration (SIC) at a scale relevant to individual whales using on-animal tag video data.Results: Motion-sensing and video-recording suction cup tags were deployed on 7 Antarctic minke whales (Balaenoptera bonaerensis) around the Antarctic Peninsula in February and March of 2018. To compare the scale of camera-tag observations with satellite imagery, the area of view was simulated using camera-tag parameters. For expected conditions, we found the visible area maximum to be similar to 100m(2) which indicates that observations occur at an equivalent or finer scale than a single pixel of high-resolution visible spectrum satellite imagery. SIC was classified into one of six bins (0%, 1-20%, 21-40%, 41-60%, 61-80%, 81-100%) by two independent observers for the initial and final surfacing between dives. In the event of a disagreement, a third independent observer was introduced, and the median of the three observer's values was used. Initial results (n=6) show that Antarctic minke whales in the coastal bays of the Antarctic Peninsula spend 52% of their time in open water, and only 15% of their time in water with SIC greater than 20%. Over time, we find significant variation in observed SIC, indicating that Antarctic minke occupy an extremely dynamic environment. Sentinel-2 satellite-based approaches of sea ice assessment were not possible because of persistent cloud cover during the study period.Conclusion: Tag-video offers a means to evaluate ice concentration at spatial and temporal scales relevant to the individual. Combined with information on underwater behavior, our ability to quantify SIC continuously at the scale of the animal will improve upon current remote sensing methods to understand the link between animal behavior and these dynamic environmental variables.