Toward 4-D Imaging of On-the-Move Object at 2500 Volumetric Frames per Second by Software-Defined Millimeter-Wave MIMO With Compressive Reflector Antenna
Toward 4-D Imaging of On-the-Move Object at 2500 Volumetric Frames per Second by Software-Defined Millimeter-Wave MIMO With Compressive Reflector Antenna
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DOI：
10.1109/tmtt.2022.3213640
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发表时间：
2023-03
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Weite Zhang;J. Martinez-Lorenzo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Weite Zhang;J. Martinez-Lorenzo
传统的毫米波（mm-wave）安全检查系统采用合成阵列或相控阵，需要机械或电子扫描，速度较慢，因此无法对移动物体进行成像。本文介绍了利用经济高效的压缩反射天线 (CRA) 和软件定义的毫米波 (SDMMW) 多输入多输出 (MIMO) 阵列对移动物体进行 4D 成像（1D 速度和 3D 轮廓）。 CRA 创建空间孔径编码以实现信息丰富的测量和高传感能力。 SDMMW MIMO 阵列可生成快速空时编码调频连续波 (FMCW)，以实现快速数据收集和同步 MIMO 操作。推导了在多基地配置中使用由 SDMMW MIMO 阵列馈送的 CRA 的信号模型，然后是基于传感矩阵的成像理论。然后，使用实验室制造的 CRA 和模块化 8×8 SDMMW 阵列设计了概念验证成像系统，其中快速 FMCW 调制实现了每 50 ${\mu }\text{s}$ 5.02 GHz 的线性化频率扫描，对应于 2500 体积帧/秒的高数据采集速率和 ±2.23 m/s。模拟和实验都显示了移动物体的良好成像性能，为开发未来经济高效的高通量毫米波安全检查系统提供了巨大的潜力。
Conventional millimeter-wave (mm-wave) security screening systems with synthetic or phased arrays require either mechanical or electronic scans which are slow, thus not capable to image on-the-move objects. This article presents the 4-D imaging of on-the-move objects (1-D velocity and 3-D profile) by leveraging cost-effective compressive reflector antennas (CRAs) and software-defined mm-wave (SDMMW) multiple-in multiple-out (MIMO) arrays. The CRA creates spatial aperture coding to achieve informative measurements and high sensing capacity. The SDMMW MIMO array generates fast space-time-coded frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) for quick data collection and simultaneous MIMO operation. The signal model using the CRAs fed by the SDMMW MIMO arrays in a multistatic configuration is derived, followed by the sensing-matrix-based imaging theory. Then, a proof-of-concept imaging system is designed with a made-in-lab CRA and a modularized 8-by-8 SDMMW array where the fast FMCW modulation achieves a linearized frequency sweep of 5.02 GHz per 50 ${\mu }\text{s}$ , corresponding to a high data acquisition rate of 2500 volumetric frames/s and an unambiguous velocity of ±2.23 m/s. Both simulations and experiments have shown good imaging performance of on-the-move objects, giving great potential for developing future cost-effective high-throughput mm-wave security screening systems.