The macroecology and evolution of avian competence for Borrelia burgdorferi
The macroecology and evolution of avian competence for Borrelia burgdorferi
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DOI：
10.1111/geb.13256
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发表时间：
2021-01-21
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Han, Barbara A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Becker, Daniel J.;Han, Barbara A.
目的：通过鉴定宿主能力的种间驱动因素（即，将病原体传播给新宿主或载体的能力）。蜱传播的病原体可以提供一个有用的模型系统，因为幼虫只有在第一次吸血期间以有能力的宿主为食时才会被感染。对于蜱传播的疾病，研究最多的是伯氏疏螺旋体（Bbsl），它会导致莱姆病。主要的宿主包括几种小型哺乳动物物种，但鸟类可能在人类风险中发挥了未被充分认识的作用，因为它们有能力在大的空间尺度上分散受感染的蜱虫。在这里，我们提供了一个全球性的综合生态和进化因素，决定了鸟类感染蜱幼虫与Bbsl的能力。位置;全球。时间段：1983- 2019。研究的主要类群：鸟类。方法：我们编制了一个跨越183种鸟类的Bbsl能力数据集，并进行了荟萃分析，系统发育因子分解和增强回归树来描述能力的空间和时间模式，表征其在鸟类中的系统发育分布，结果：半数以上的鸟类对Bbsl具有竞争力。竞争力显示中等的系统发育信号，在鸟类物种中已经进化了多次，在火鸡属中很明显。基于特征的分析区分主管鸟类与80%的准确性，并表明，这些物种具有低基线皮质酮，存在于两端的生活节奏连续体，繁殖和冬季在高纬度地区，并有广泛的迁徙运动到其繁殖范围。我们用这些性状的配置文件来预测各种可能的，但未抽样主管物种，包括新的浓度的鸟类水库内的Neotropics.Main结论：我们的研究结果可以产生新的假设鸟类如何有助于蜱传病原体的动态，并有助于优先监测可能的，但未抽样主管鸟类。我们的研究结果还强调，鸟类在其对BBSL的地方性流行周期的贡献中显示出未被认识到的变化，并且更广泛地需要考虑多宿主病原体的生态和预测研究的能力。
Aim: Prediction of novel reservoirs of zoonotic pathogens would be improved by the identification of interspecific drivers of host competence (i.e., the ability to transmit pathogens to new hosts or vectors). Tick-borne pathogens can provide a useful model system, because larvae become infected only when feeding on a competent host during their first blood meal. For tick-borne diseases, competence has been studied best for Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Bbsl), which causes Lyme borreliosis. Major reservoirs include several small mammal species, but birds might play an under-recognized role in human risk given their ability to disperse infected ticks across large spatial scales. Here, we provide a global synthesis of the ecological and evolutionary factors that determine the ability of bird species to infect larval ticks with Bbsl.Location; Global.Time period: 1983-2019.Major taxa studied: Birds.Methods: We compiled a dataset of Bbsl competence across 183 bird species and applied meta-analysis, phylogenetic factorization and boosted regression trees to describe spatial and temporal patterns in competence, characterize its phylogenetic distribution across birds, reconstruct its evolution and evaluate the trait profiles associated with competent avian species.Results: Half of the sampled bird species show evidence of competence for Bbsl. Competence displays moderate phylogenetic signal, has evolved multiple times across bird species and is pronounced in the genus Turdus. Trait-based analyses distinguished competent birds with 80% accuracy and showed that such species have low baseline corticosterone, exist on both ends of the pace-of-life continuum, breed and winter at high latitudes and have broad migratory movements into their breeding range. We used these trait profiles to predict various likely but unsampled competent species, including novel concentrations of avian reservoirs within the Neotropics.Main conclusion: Our results can generate new hypotheses for how birds contribute to the dynamics of tick-borne pathogens and help to prioritize surveillance of likely but unsampled competent birds. Our findings also emphasize that birds display under-recognized variation in their contributions to enzootic cycles of Bbsl and the broader need to consider competence in ecological and predictive studies of multi-host pathogens.