An exploration of anti-corruption and health in international organizations.
An exploration of anti-corruption and health in international organizations.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0269203
复制
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
腐败是一个全球性的邪恶问题，威胁着健康、社会和经济发展目标的实现，包括可持续发展目标3：确保健康生活和促进所有人的福祉。COVID-19疫情及其对卫生系统造成的压力增加了卫生系统内部普遍和具体的腐败风险。在过去几年中，国际组织，包括那些有助于全球COVID-19应对的组织，已经加大了在其业务和相关项目中解决腐败问题的力度。然而，由于国际组织对反腐败工作的关注相对较新，因此缺乏研究这些组织如何处理腐败问题及其反腐败工作影响的文献。本研究报告通过审查国际组织如何在其自身业务中处理问责制、透明度和反腐败问题以及报告的这些努力的成果来解决这一差距。以下国际组织被选为本文件分析的重点：世界卫生组织、全球基金、联合国开发计划署和世界银行集团。通过有针对性地搜索每个组织的网站查明了文件。然后结合内容分析和主题分析的要素对文件进行分析。调查结果表明，四个国际组织都采用了问责制和透明度机制来处理腐败问题。此外，这些组织通常采用监督机制，包括风险评估、调查和审计，以监测其内部和外部业务是否存在欺诈和腐败。所有组织都采用了制裁战略，旨在谴责已查明的违规者，并遏制未来的腐败。调查结果还表明，近年来这些国际组织的反腐败努力显著增加。虽然这是有希望的，但仍然明显缺乏证据表明这些努力对国际组织腐败的普遍性和严重性产生了影响。
Corruption is a global wicked problem that threatens the achievement of health, social and economic development goals, including Sustainable Development Goal # 3: Ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all. The COVID-19 pandemic and its resulting strain on health systems has heightened risks of corruption both generally and specifically within health systems. Over the past years, international organizations, including those instrumental to the global COVID-19 response, have increased efforts to address corruption within their operations and related programs. However, as attention to anti-corruption efforts is relatively recent within international organizations, there is a lack of literature examining how these organizations address corruption and the impact of their anti-corruption efforts. This study addresses this gap by examining how accountability, transparency, and anti-corruption are taken up by international organizations within their own operations and the reported outcomes of such efforts. The following international organizations were selected as the focus of this document analysis: the World Health Organization, the Global Fund, the United Nations Development Programme, and the World Bank Group. Documents were identified through a targeted search of each organization’s website. Documents were then analyzed combining elements of content analysis and thematic analysis. The findings demonstrate that accountability and transparency mechanisms have been employed by each of the four international organizations to address corruption. Further, these organizations commonly employed oversight mechanisms, including risk assessments, investigations, and audits to monitor their internal and external operations for fraud and corruption. All organizations used sanction strategies meant to reprimand identified transgressors and deter future corruption. Findings also demonstrate a marked increase in anti-corruption efforts by these international organizations in recent years. Though this is promising, there remains a distinct absence of evidence demonstrating the impact of such efforts on the prevalence and severity of corruption in international organizations.