Estrogens in municipal wastewater and receiving waters in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, China: Occurrence and risk assessment of mixtures
Estrogens in municipal wastewater and receiving waters in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, China: Occurrence and risk assessment of mixtures
复制标题
中国京津冀地区城市污水及受纳水体中雌激素：混合物的存在及风险评估
DOI：
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121891
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发表时间：
2020-05-05
影响因子：
13.6
通讯作者：
He, Meng-Chang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lei, Kai;Lin, Chun-Ye;He, Meng-Chang
京津冀地区人口密度大和当地畜牧业生产可能导致地表水体大量释放雌激素，可能对水生生物的生殖系统造成不利影响。本研究发现，该地区处理废水中雌酮 (E1)、17 β-雌二醇 (E2)、雌三醇 (E3)、17 α-炔雌醇 (EE2) 和己烯雌酚 (DES) 的总测量浓度为 468 +/- 27 ng/L，河水中的总测量浓度为 219 +/- 23 ng/L。 E2、E3和EE2是河水中的主要雌激素。应该强制执行 DES 供人类使用的限制，但与其他研究相比，DES 的浓度相对较高。海河和永定新河每年向渤海湾输送约1.8吨雌激素。旱季河水中个别雌激素的浓度显着较高，但雨季的质量负荷显着较高。经过长期和短期暴露估计，河水中的平均 E2 当量浓度分别达到 1.2 +/- 0.2 和 0.64 +/- 0.08 mu g-E2/L，其中 EE2 贡献超过 90%。这可能会给鱼类带来高风险。河水中的雌激素主要来源于人类的排泄。考虑到雌激素污染水平较高，需要在当地进行雌激素对鱼类生殖系统影响的实地研究。
The potentially high release of estrogens to surface waters due to high population density and local livestock production in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region may pose adverse effects on reproductive systems of aquatic organisms. This study found that total measured concentrations of estrone (E1), 17 beta-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2) and diethylstilbestrol (DES) were 468 +/- 27 ng/L in treated wastewater and 219 +/- 23 ng/L in river waters in this region. E2, E3 and EE2 were the predominant estrogens in river waters. The restriction of DES for human use should have been enforced, however concentrations of DES were relatively high compared to other studies. Haihe and Yongdingxin Rivers delivered approximately 1.8 tonnes of estrogens to the Bohai Bay annually. Concentrations of individual estrogens were significantly higher in river waters in the dry season, however, mass loadings were significantly higher in the wet season. The average E2-equivalent concentrations reached 1.2 +/- 0.2 and 0.64 +/- 0.08 mu g-E2/L following long-term and short-term exposure estimates, respectively, in river waters with an EE2 contribution of over 90 %. This could give rise to high risks to fish. Estrogens in river waters largely derived from human excretion. Field studies on estrogenic effects on fish reproductive systems are required locally considering high estrogen contamination levels.