Cadmium carcinogenesis in review
Cadmium carcinogenesis in review
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/s0162-0134(00)00009-x
复制
发表时间：
2000-04-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Waalkes, MP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Waalkes, MP
镉是一种备受环境和职业关注的无机毒物，于 1993 年被列为人类致癌物。职业镉暴露与人类肺癌有关。有时，镉暴露也与人类前列腺癌有关。镉与肺癌之间的关联性流行病学数据比前列腺癌关联性强得多。人类镉致癌的其他靶位点（肝、肾、胃）被认为是模棱两可的。在啮齿动物中，镉通过多种途径在多个部位引起肿瘤。大鼠吸入镉会导致肺腺癌，这支持了人类肺癌的作用。大鼠摄入或注射镉后可诱发前列腺肿瘤和癌前增殖性病变。大鼠前列腺癌发生仅在镉剂量低于诱发睾丸慢性变性和功能障碍的剂量时发生，这是众所周知的镉效应，证实了前列腺肿瘤的雄激素依赖性。啮齿动物中镉的其他目标包括睾丸、肾上腺、注射部位和造血系统。多种治疗方法可以改变镉的致癌作用，包括补充锌，它可以预防镉诱发的注射部位和睾丸肿瘤，同时促进前列腺肿瘤。镉的致突变性很弱，可能通过间接机制发挥作用，但确切机制仍不清楚。 (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc. 保留所有权利。
Cadmium is an inorganic toxicant of great environmental and occupational concern which was classified as a human carcinogen in 1993. Occupational cadmium exposure is associated with lung cancer in humans. Cadmium exposure has also, on occasion, been linked to human prostate cancer. The epidemiological data linking cadmium and pulmonary cancer are much stronger than for prostatic cancer. Other target sites for cadmium carcinogenesis in humans (liver, kidney, stomach) are considered equivocal. In rodents, cadmium causes tumors at several sites and by various routes. Cadmium inhalation in rats results in pulmonary adenocarcinomas, supporting a role in human lung cancer. Prostate tumors and preneoplastic proliferative lesions can be induced in rats after cadmium ingestion or injection. Prostatic carcinogenesis in rats occurs only at cadmium doses below those that induce chronic degeneration and dysfunction of the testes, a well-known effect of cadmium, confirming the androgen dependency of prostate tumors. Other targets of cadmium in rodents include the testes, adrenals, injection sites, and hematopoietic system. Various treatments can modify cadmium carcinogenesis including supplemental zinc, which prevents cadmium-induced injection site and testicular tumors while facilitating prostatic tumors. Cadmium is poorly mutagenic and probably acts through indirect mechanisms, although the precise mechanisms remain unknown. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.