Estrogen and the development and protection of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons: Concerted action of a multitude of signals, protective molecules, and growth factors
Estrogen and the development and protection of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons: Concerted action of a multitude of signals, protective molecules, and growth factors
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DOI：
10.1016/j.yfrne.2006.07.001
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发表时间：
2006-12-01
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Beyer, Cordian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kipp, Markus;Karakaya, Serkan;Beyer, Cordian
黑质纹状体多巴胺系统包括位于中脑腹侧的多巴胺能神经元、它们与前脑的轴突连接以及它们在纹状体中的直接细胞靶细胞。复合体，即 GABA 能神经元。黑质纹状体多巴胺能单位的主要功能是锥体外系运动功能的协调和微调。许多生物活性因子，包括不同类型的生长因子（神经营养因子、TGFβ家族成员、IGF）和肽/类固醇激素，在过去已被确定与该神经系统发育方面的调节有关。此外，还发现这些发育活性决定因素中的一些在涉及多巴胺能神经元的神经保护的介导中发挥着关键作用。雌激素被鉴定为干扰胚胎神经元分化和细胞存活的化合物。这些效应背后的生理机制非常复杂，包括与其他发育信号（生长因子）、炎症过程以及细胞凋亡事件的相互作用，但也需要星形胶质细胞等非神经元细胞的激活。雌激素似乎正在控制或至少影响多种发育和保护性细胞机制，而不是接管单一主角的部分。 (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. 保留所有权利。
The nigrostriatal dopamine system comprises the dopaminergic neurons located in the ventral midbrain, their axonal connections to the forebrain, and their direct cellular target cells in the striatal. complex, i.e. GABAergic neurons. The major function of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic unit is the coordination and fine tuning of motor functions at the extrapyramidal level. Numerous biologically active factors including different types of growth factors (neurotrophins, members of the TGF beta family, IGFs) and peptide/steroid hormones have been identified in the past to be implicated in the regulation of developmental aspects of this neural system. Some of these developmentally active determinants have in addition been found to play a crucial role in the mediation of neuroprotection concerning dopaminergic neurons. Estrogen was identified as such a compound interfering with embryonic neuronal differentiation and cell survival. The physiological mechanisms underlying these effects are very complex and include interactions with other developmental signals (growth factors), inflammatory processes as well as apoptotic events, but also require the activation of nonneuronal cells such as astrocytes. It appears that estrogen is assuming control over or at least influences a multitude of developmental and protective cellular mechanisms rather than taking over the part of a singular protagonist. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.