Local Adaptation in Marine Foundation Species at Microgeographic Scales
Local Adaptation in Marine Foundation Species at Microgeographic Scales
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DOI：
10.1086/714821
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发表时间：
2021-08-01
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Sotka, E. E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hays, C. G.;Hanley, T. C.;Sotka, E. E.
沿海和河口系统的近岸基础物种(如盐沼草、红树林、海草、珊瑚)通过创造改变当地非生物条件并影响物种相互作用和组成的物理结构，推动生态系统和整个生物群的生态功能。基础物种的复原力及其提供的生态系统功能取决于它们对环境条件的空间和时间变化的表型和遗传反应。在这篇综述中，我们探讨了海洋基础物种在比扩散能力更短的空间尺度(即微地理尺度)上适应性遗传分化的原因和后果。我们描述了现场和实验室实验与种群遗传技术相结合的强度，以阐明局部适应的模式，并以几个基础物种为例说明了这种方法。在我们的综述中出现的主要主题包括：(1)海洋基础物种的适应性分化沿垂直(即海拔或深度)梯度重复演变，(2)交配系统和物候可能促进这种分化。微地理适应是一种未得到充分研究的机制，有可能支撑许多固着海洋物种的复原力，而这一进化机制可能对基础物种提供的生态系统功能产生特别重要的后果。
Nearshore foundation species in coastal and estuarine systems (e.g., salt marsh grasses, mangroves, seagrasses, corals) drive the ecological functions of ecosystems and entire biomes by creating physical structure that alters local abiotic conditions and influences species interactions and composition. The resilience of foundation species and the ecosystem functions they provide depends on their phenotypic and genetic responses to spatial and temporal shifts in environmental conditions. In this review, we explore what is known about the causes and consequences of adaptive genetic differentiation in marine foundation species over spatial scales shorter than dispersal capabilities (i.e., microgeographic scales). We describe the strength of coupling field and laboratory experiments with population genetic techniques to illuminate patterns of local adaptation, and we illustrate this approach by using several foundation species. Among the major themes that emerge from our review include (1) adaptive differentiation of marine foundation species repeatedly evolves along vertical (i.e., elevation or depth) gradients, and (2) mating system and phenology may facilitate this differentiation. Microgeographic adaptation is an understudied mechanism potentially underpinning the resilience of many sessile marine species, and this evolutionary mechanism likely has particularly important consequences for the ecosystem functions provided by foundation species.