Justified defection is neither justified nor unjustified in indirect reciprocity
Justified defection is neither justified nor unjustified in indirect reciprocity
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0235137
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发表时间：
2020-06
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Hitoshi Yamamoto;Takahisa Suzuki;Ryohei Umetani
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hitoshi Yamamoto;Takahisa Suzuki;Ryohei Umetani
间接互惠是人类合作进化的主要机制之一。在间接互惠中，个人用来区分好人和坏人的社会规范起着至关重要的作用。尽管对间接互惠合作的演变进行了广泛的研究，但人们对人们实际采用的社会规范知之甚少。本研究通过实验揭示了人们在日常生活中的间接互惠情境中采用何种规范。结果显示，人们对“正当背叛”的评价既不好也不坏，并保留了他们的评价。从理论上讲，社会规范评估合理的背叛是好的，合作是稳定的。然而，人们实际采用的规范偏离了理论预测。我们的研究结果表明，有必要重新考虑合作演化中的“合理背叛”的正当性。
Indirect reciprocity is one of the major mechanisms in the evolution of human cooperation. In indirect reciprocity, social norms with which individuals distinguish good people from bad people play essential roles. Despite extensive studies on the evolution of cooperation in indirect reciprocity, little is known about which social norms people actually adopt. Here we reveal what kind of norms are adopted by people in indirect reciprocal situations in daily life by using scenario-based experiments. The results showed that people evaluated “justified defection” as neither good nor bad and withheld their evaluation. Theoretically, social norms that evaluate justified defection as good are required for cooperation to be stable. However, the norm that people actually adopted deviates from the theoretical predictions. Our results indicate the necessity to reconsider the justification of “justified defection” in the evolution of cooperation.