A Natural View of Microbial Biodiversity within Hot Spring Cyanobacterial Mat Communities
A Natural View of Microbial Biodiversity within Hot Spring Cyanobacterial Mat Communities
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DOI：
10.1128/mmbr.62.4.1353-1370.1998
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发表时间：
1998-12
影响因子：
12.9
通讯作者：
D. M. Ward;M. Ferris;S. Nold;M. Bateson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. M. Ward;M. Ferris;S. Nold;M. Bateson
总结这篇综述总结了十年的研究中，我们已经使用的分子方法，结合更传统的方法，研究温泉蓝藻垫作为模型，了解微生物群落生态学的原则。分子方法表明，这些社区的组成是严重过度简化的显微镜和培养方法。例如，在黄石国家公园的章鱼泉垫中检测到的31个独特的16 S rRNA序列中没有一个与以前从地热系统培养的任何原核生物相匹配; 11个由遗传多样性的蓝藻贡献，即使基于形态学和培养分析怀疑是单一的蓝藻物种。通过研究文化和分子采样的社区组成之间的不协调的基础上，我们开始培养分离物的16 S rRNA序列很容易检测。通过将检测到的遗传多样性与温泉垫系统典型的定义明确的自然环境梯度的背景下，基因和物种多样性之间的关系是明确的，物种发生的生态模式出现。通过将这些生态模式与基因序列数据的系统发育分析所揭示的进化模式相结合，我们发现，通过使用类似于进化生态学家开发的原理来了解较大物种的生物多样性，可以了解这些系统中的微生物生物多样性。我们希望这样的方法指导微生物生态学家更现实和预测性的了解微生物物种的发生和响应在自然和干扰的栖息地。
SUMMARY This review summarizes a decade of research in which we have used molecular methods, in conjunction with more traditional approaches, to study hot spring cyanobacterial mats as models for understanding principles of microbial community ecology. Molecular methods reveal that the composition of these communities is grossly oversimplified by microscopic and cultivation methods. For example, none of 31 unique 16S rRNA sequences detected in the Octopus Spring mat, Yellowstone National Park, matches that of any prokaryote previously cultivated from geothermal systems; 11 are contributed by genetically diverse cyanobacteria, even though a single cyanobacterial species was suspected based on morphologic and culture analysis. By studying the basis for the incongruity between culture and molecular samplings of community composition, we are beginning to cultivate isolates whose 16S rRNA sequences are readily detected. By placing the genetic diversity detected in context with the well-defined natural environmental gradients typical of hot spring mat systems, the relationship between gene and species diversity is clarified and ecological patterns of species occurrence emerge. By combining these ecological patterns with the evolutionary patterns inherently revealed by phylogenetic analysis of gene sequence data, we find that it may be possible to understand microbial biodiversity within these systems by using principles similar to those developed by evolutionary ecologists to understand biodiversity of larger species. We hope that such an approach guides microbial ecologists to a more realistic and predictive understanding of microbial species occurrence and responsiveness in both natural and disturbed habitats.