New Non-Bilaterian Transcriptomes Provide Novel Insights into the Evolution of Coral Skeletomes
New Non-Bilaterian Transcriptomes Provide Novel Insights into the Evolution of Coral Skeletomes
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DOI：
10.1093/gbe/evz199
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发表时间：
2019-11-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Vargas, Sergio
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Conci, Nicola;Woerheide, Gert;Vargas, Sergio
在动物骨骼组（动物骨骼中封闭的蛋白质）中观察到的总体趋势是分类学上广泛存在的谱系特异性蛋白质的共存，这些蛋白质积极调节生物矿化过程。在刺胞动物中，石珊瑚的骨骼已被证明遵循这一趋势。然而，生物矿化相关基因的分布和系统发育分析通常仅基于少数物种，而没有充分考虑其他珊瑚钙化物，例如八珊瑚（软珊瑚）。我们从头组装了四种以不同钙化策略（文石骨架与方解石骨片）为特征的软珊瑚物种的转录组，并通过数据挖掘已发表的非两侧对称转录组资源，构建了一个分类学综合序列数据库，以绘制石珊瑚和八珊瑚骨骼组成分的分布图。刺胞动物门与扁动物门或栉水母动物门不共享骨架蛋白，但与多孔动物门共享一些骨架蛋白，例如galaxin相关蛋白。在 Scleractinia 和 Octocorallia 中，我们扩大了几个分类学限制基因的分布，例如分泌酸性蛋白、巩膜素和碳酸酐酶，并提出了一种早期的单一生物矿化招募事件。此外，我们表明，成骨蛋白内酸性残基的富集并未发生在 Corallimorpharia-Scleractinia 转变时，但似乎与蛋白质分泌到有机基质中有关。最后，八珊瑚钙化相关蛋白的分布似乎与骨骼矿物学（即文石/方解石）无关，石珊瑚和文石或方解石八珊瑚之间共享的成骨蛋白的比例没有差异。这表明钙化刺胞动物群体内部但非钙化刺胞动物群体之间的骨骼同质性，尽管一些蛋白质（例如 galaxins 和 SCRiP-3a）可能代表了共性的实例。
A general trend observed in animal skeletomes-the proteins occluded in animal skeletons-is the copresence of taxonomically widespread and lineage-specific proteins that actively regulate the biomineralization process. Among cnidarians, the skeletomes of scleractinian corals have been shown to follow this trend. However, distributions and phylogenetic analyses of biomineralization related genes are often based on only a few species, with other anthozoan calcifiers such as octocorals (soft corals), not being fully considered. We de novo assembled the transcriptomes of four soft-coral species characterized by different calcification strategies (aragonite skeleton vs. calcitic sclerites) and data-mined published nonbilaterian transcriptome resources to construct a taxonomically comprehensive sequence database to map the distribution of scleractinian and octocoral skeletome components. Cnidaria shared no skeletome proteins with Placozoa or Ctenophora, but did share some skeletome proteins with Porifera, such as galaxin-related proteins. Within Scleractinia and Octocorallia, we expanded the distribution for several taxonomically restricted genes such as secreted acidic proteins, scleritin, and carbonic anhydrases, and propose an early, single biomineralization-recruitment event for galaxin sensu stricto. Additionally, we show that the enrichment of acidic residues within skeletogenic proteins did not occur at the Corallimorpharia-Scleractinia transition, but appears to be associated with protein secretion into the organic matrix. Finally, the distribution of octocoral calcification-related proteins appears independent of skeleton mineralogy (i.e., aragonite/calcite) with no differences in the proportion of shared skeletogenic proteins between scleractinians and aragonitic or calcitic octocorals. This points to skeletome homogeneity within but not between groups of calcifying cnidarians, although some proteins such as galaxins and SCRiP-3a could represent instances of commonality.