MALE REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGY AND THE IMPORTANCE OF MATERNAL STATUS IN THE ANTARCTIC FUR SEAL ARCTOCEPHALUS GAZELLA
MALE REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGY AND THE IMPORTANCE OF MATERNAL STATUS IN THE ANTARCTIC FUR SEAL ARCTOCEPHALUS GAZELLA
复制标题
南极海狗的雄性生殖策略和母性地位的重要性
DOI：
10.1111/j.0014-3820.2003.tb00598.x
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
W. Amos
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Hoffman;I. Boyd;W. Amos
尽管哺乳动物交配系统的典型特征是雄性竞争和一夫多妻制，但越来越明显的是，雄性的替代策略和雌性的选择可能起着重要作用。例如，雌性与来自统治王朝的雄性交配可能会产生近亲繁殖的后代。许多鳍足类动物是高度一夫多妻制的，但在一些物种中，雄性的替代策略，如水生交配，似乎很重要，即使行为观察表明一夫多妻制很强。在这里，我们通过结合连续七个繁殖季节的微卫星父权分析和两性的详细行为数据，分析了南极海豹Arctocephalus gazella（一种在行为上被描述为高度一夫多妻制的耳兽）的雄性繁殖成功率。在我们的研究群体中，660只幼崽中有59%是雄性的父亲。在一个平均年产仔数为635只的海滩上，四分之一的雄性后代被分配给了12只顶级个体。大多数雄性只在一个季节成功，但那些能够连续几年回来的人，每增加一个季节，成功就会迅速增加。我们没有发现其他雄性繁殖策略的证据，比如水生或偷偷摸摸的陆地交配。然而，父亲身份受到母亲身份的强烈影响。在海滩上观察到的没有幼崽的雌性比有幼崽的雌性怀孕的可能性要小得多。此外，它们的幼崽携带的父亲等位基因组合在研究海滩上不太可能被发现，并且表现出较低的共同父权水平。因此，从具有领地意识的雄性的角度来看，并不是所有的雌性都能提供平等的受精机会。
Abstract Although mammalian mating systems are classically characterized in terms of male competition and polygyny, it is becoming increasingly apparent that alternative male strategies and female choice may play important roles. For example, females who mate with males from a dominant dynasty risk producing inbred offspring. Many pinnipeds are highly polygynous, but in some species alternative male strategies such as aquatic mating appear to be important, even when behavioral observations suggest strong polygyny. Here, we analyze male reproductive success in the Antarctic fur seal Arctocephalus gazella, an otariid described behaviorally as being highly polygynous, by combining a microsatellite paternity analysis spanning seven consecutive breeding seasons with detailed behavioral data on both sexes. Territorial males fathered 59% of 660 pups analyzed from our study colony. Male reproductive skew was considerable, with a quarter of all paternities assigned to just 12 top individuals on a beach where mean annual pup production was 635. Most males were successful for only a single season, but those able to return over successive years enjoyed rapidly increasing success with each additional season of tenure. We found no evidence of alternative male reproductive tactics such as aquatic or sneaky terrestrial mating. However, paternity was strongly influenced by maternal status. Females observed on the beach without a pup were significantly less likely to conceive to a sampled territorial male than equivalent females that did pup. In addition, their pups carried combinations of paternal alleles that were less likely to be found on the study beach and exhibited lower levels of shared paternity. Thus, from a territorial male's perspective, not all females offer equal opportunities for fertilization.