Impersonal uses of the second person singular: A pragmatic analysis of generalization and empathy effects
Impersonal uses of the second person singular: A pragmatic analysis of generalization and empathy effects
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DOI：
10.1016/j.pragma.2014.12.009
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发表时间：
2015-10-01
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Rudolf, Olga
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gast, Volker;Deringer, Lisa;Rudolf, Olga
第二人称单数的代词和动词形式通常用于人称指代，即，指的是（专门）收件人。在通常被称为“非人称”的用法中，指称的范围从收信人扩大到更全面的指称集合，有时相关的句子从字面上讲并不真实，因为属性被归因于收信人，而他实际上并不拥有。问题是，第二人称单数的非人称使用形式是否构成了它们自己的语法范畴，或者它们是否表现出与第二人称的规范使用相同的（潜在的）语义。基于动态推理的交际观，我们主张对人称和非人称的第二人称形式进行统一的分析。一般化的效果被认为出现在独立于第二人称形式的出现而进行概括的句子中。第二人称的使用导致真条件假句，据称涉及（邀请）模拟和移情的创造。根据这一分析，第二人称的非人称用法与人称用法一样，与受话人建立了直接的指称联系，它们的“非人称”地位取决于具体语境和会话条件。(C)2015 Elsevier B.V.版权所有。
Pronominal and verbal forms of the second person singular are canonically used with personal reference, i.e., as referring (exclusively) to the addressee. In what is often called 'impersonal' uses, the range of reference is broadened from the addressee to a more comprehensive set of referents, and Sometimes the relevant sentences are not literally speaking true, as properties are attributed to the addressee which (s)he does not actually have. The question arises whether impersonally used forms of the second person singular constitute a grammatical category of their own, or whether they exhibit the same (underlying) semantics as canonical uses of the second person. On the basis of a dynamic-inferential view of communication, we argue for a unified analysis of personal and impersonal second person forms. Effects of generalization are claimed to emerge in sentences which are generalizing independently of the occurrence of a second person form. Uses of the second person that lead to truth-conditionally false sentences are claimed to involve (an invitation to) simulation and the creation of empathy. According to this analysis, impersonal uses of the second person establish a direct referential link to the addressee, just like personal uses, and their status as 'impersonal' is a function of sentential contexts and conversational conditions. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.