Affective Development in Advanced Old Age: Analyses of Terminal Change in Positive and Negative Affect
Affective Development in Advanced Old Age: Analyses of Terminal Change in Positive and Negative Affect
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DOI：
10.1037/a0028775
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发表时间：
2013-05-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Wiegering, Sarah
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schilling, Oliver K.;Wahl, Hans-Werner;Wiegering, Sarah
晚年情感的发展可能会出现最终的变化，这些变化更多地是由临终过程驱动的，而不是由出生以来的时间驱动的。本研究旨在探讨高龄老年人样本中与死亡时间相关的影响。我们使用了 140 名已故参与者的纵向数据（2 次测量时间：2002 年和 2003 年），涵盖了长达 9 年的死亡时间，来自基线测量时年龄在 80 至 90 岁之间的德国最古老样本（项目 ENABLE-AGE 和 LateLine）。使用潜在变化评分模型分析了死亡时间和年龄对基线水平的非线性影响以及个体内积极情感（PA）和消极情感（NA）的1年变化。就 PA 而言，没有发现与死亡时间相关的影响，但发现了与年龄相关的线性下降。对于 NA，基线水平和 1 年变化均发现了死亡时间效应，表明接近死亡时 NA 增加，而在接近生命终结时 NA 迅速减少。这些效应表明 NA 的最终变化具有双重动态。首先，死亡前较长时期内NA的普遍增加可能反映了人类系统退化的基本过程。其次，接近尾声时，这些过程可能会耗尽负激活，从而导致 NA 的最终下降，接近死亡。
Late-life development of affect may unfold terminal changes that are driven more by end-of-life processes and not so much by time since birth. This study aimed to explore time-to-death-related effects in measures of affect in a sample of the very old. We used longitudinal data (2 measurement occasions: 2002 and 2003) from 140 deceased participants, covering a period of up to 9 years to death, from a German oldest-old sample between 80 and 90 years old at baseline measurement (Projects ENABLE-AGE and LateLine). Nonlinear time-to-death and age effects on baseline level and intraindividual 1-year changes in positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) were analyzed with latent change score models. With respect to PA, no time-to-death-related effects were discovered, but linear age-related decline was found. For NA, time-to-death effects were found for both baseline level and 1-year change, indicating an increase of NA closer to death, which turns around to a rapid reduction of NA in the approach of the end of life. These effects suggest a twofold dynamic of terminal changes in NA. First, a general increase of NA across a larger period preceding death potentially mirrors basic processes of degradation of the human system. Second, approaching the end, these processes may exhaust negative activation, prompting a terminal drop of NA close to death.