Why tropical island endemics are acutely susceptible to global change
Why tropical island endemics are acutely susceptible to global change
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s10531-008-9529-7
复制
发表时间：
2010-02-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Brook, Barry W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fordham, Damien A.;Brook, Barry W.
热带岛屿是物种铸造厂，它们要么是火山作用的副产品，要么是以前被淹没的海底被构造运动向上推，要么是一个半岛因海平面上升而被孤立。在殖民化之后，地理隔离和生态位空缺为独特的物种-岛屿特有物种的进化辐射提供了竞争动力。然而，正是这些在进化过程中促进物种形成的特性，也使岛屿地方性植物极易受到现代人最近和迅速的影响。事实上，大多数有记载的人类导致的物种灭绝都发生在岛屿上。其原因包括过度开发、人类带来的入侵物种以及岛屿自然栖息地的破坏。迫在眉睫的威胁包括海平面上升造成的洪水泛滥，以及与人为全球变暖有关的其他适应性压力。我们审查了最近的工作，这些工作强调了岛屿特有疾病对全球变化驱动因素的敏感性，并提出了一种方法框架，我们认为，在这种框架下，岛屿灭绝的科学和缓解可以取得最具成效的进展。
Tropical islands are species foundries, formed either as a by-product of volcanism, when previously submerged seabed is thrust upwards by tectonics, or when a peninsula is isolated by rising sea level. After colonisation, the geographical isolation and niche vacancies provide the competitive impetus for an evolutionary radiation of distinct species-island endemics. Yet the very attributes which promote speciation in evolutionary time also leave island endemics highly vulnerable to recent and rapid impacts by modern people. Indeed, the majority of documented human-driven extinctions have been exacted upon island endemics. The causes include over-exploitation, invasive species brought by people and destruction of island's naturally constrained habitats. Imminent threats include inundation by rising sea levels and other adaptive pressures related to anthropogenic global warming. We review recent work which underscores the susceptibility of island endemics to the drivers of global change, and suggest a methodological framework under which, we argue, the science and mitigation of island extinctions can be most productively advanced.